Birds beginning with R

R - It is a typical "sylvia" warbler, similar in size but slimmer than Sardinian Warbler. The adults have a plain grey back and paler grey underparts. The bill is fine and pointed, with brown legs and red eyes. The striking male has a black head and, usually, a black throat, separated by a white malar streak . Females have a pale throat, and the head is grey rather than black. Their grey back has a brownish tinge. The song is a slower, deeper rattle than that of Sardinian Warbler.

Rachel's Malimbe - It has interesting breeding behaviour. The nest is build by three to four birds of which only one is female and which takes the leading role in building the nest. After the nest is finished one of the males that participated in the building chase off the other participating males. Both of the remaining couple take duty of incubating the eggs.

Racket-tailed Coquette - The Racket-tailed Coquette is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.

Racket-tailed Treepie - It has a velvety-black forehead of short, plush black feathers with the rest of the bird being an oily green colour, though appearing black in dim light. The tail feathers which in this species are long and broaden at the tail's end are black also with a greenish tinge, as are the wings. The iris of the bird is a turquoise-blue darkening towards the pupil to a very deep or near black. The bill, legs and feet are black.

Radde's Accentor - Its natural habitat is temperate grassland.

Radde's Warbler - This is a bird of open woodlands with some undergrowth near water. The nest is built low in a bush, and eggs are laid. Like most Old World warblers, this small passerine is insectivorous.

Radjah Shelduck - Both the male and female of the species are mostly white, with dark wingtips and a distinctive "collar" of dark feathers. Seen from above in flight, the birds have green bands on the tops of their wings. The female has a harsh rattle and the male has a breathy, sore-throat whistle.

Raffles's Malcoha - Raffles's Malkoha is a species of cuckoo . It was formerly often placed in Phaenicophaeus with the other malkohas, but it is a rather distinct species, with several autapomorphies and sexual dimorphism .

Raggiana Bird-of-paradise - The Raggiana Bird-of-paradise, also known as Count Raggi's Bird-of-paradise, is a large bird in the bird-of-paradise family Paradisaeidae.

Raiatea Parakeet - Psittacus ulietanus J. F. Gmelin, 1789 Platycercus tannaensis Finsch, 1868 Psittacus fuscatus von Pelzeln, 1873

Raimondi's Yellow Finch - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

Rain Quail - Grassland, cropped fields and scrub in the Indus valleys of Pakistan, the Gangetic plains, of the central Republic of India and parts of peninsular continental India. Mostly seen in winter further south.

Rainbow Lorikeet - Rainbow Lorikeets have been introduced to Perth, Western Australia,

Rainbow Pitta - An Australian endemic, the Rainbow Pitta lives in the forests of northern Australia. As with other pittas, it is a secretive and shy bird. The diet consists mainly of insects, arthropods and small animals. The female lays three to four glossy cream eggs with blotches inside its large domed nest.

Rainbow Starfrontlet - The Rainbow Starfrontlet is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family. It is found in Ecuador and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, and heavily degraded former forest.

Rainbow-bearded Thornbill - The Rainbow-bearded Thornbill is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.

Rajah Scops Owl - The Rajah Scops Owl is common through most of its Indonesian habitat. There are two subspecies.

Ramsay's Woodpecker - The Sulu Woodpecker is a species of bird in the Picidae family. It is endemic to the Philippines.

Rand's Red-billed Helmet Shrike - It is endemic to Angola.

Rarotonga Flycatcher - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rarotonga Starling - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rarotongan Fruit Dove - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Raso Lark - The Raso Lark is restricted to one small island in the Cape Verde group, although historically it is believed to have ranged over two other islands, Branco and Sao Vicente Island; all three of these islands were joined in the last Ice Age. Branco island itself has no permanent water and has never been inhabited by people, a fact that has probably saved the lark from extinction until now.

Ratchet-tailed Treepie - The Ratchet-tailed Treepie is a species of bird in the Corvidae family. It is monotypic within the genus Temnurus. It is found in Cambodia, China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Razor-billed auk - Adult birds are black on their upperparts and white on the breast and belly. The thick black bill has a blunt end. The tail is pointed and longer than that of a Murre. In winter, the throat and upper chest turn white.

Razor-billed Curassow - The Razor-billed Curassow is a species of bird in the Cracidae family. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Recurvebill Bushbird - Working in parallel, Colombian ornithology student Oscar Laverde refound Bushbirds in Norte de Santander, Colombia in July 2005. The birds were subsequently studied in detail by Laverde, F. Gary Stiles and ornithology students of the Natural Sciences Institute of the National University of Colombia. Their findings are published in issue No. 5 of Ornitología Colombiana .

Red & Yellow Barbet - This bird is found in eastern Africa, from Sudan in the north to Tanzania in the south.

Red Bird of Paradise - Large, up to 33 cm long, brown and yellow with a dark brown iris, grey legs and yellow bill. The male has an emerald green face, a pair of elongated black corkscrew-shaped tail wires, dark green feather pompoms above each eye and a train of glossy crimson red plumes with whitish tips at either side of the breast. The male measures up to 72 cm long, including the ornamental red plumes that require at least six years to fully attain. The female is similar but smaller in size, with a dark brown face and has no ornamental red plumes. The diet consists mainly of fruits, berries and arthropods.

Red bishop - It is 10-11 centimetres long and has a thick conical bill. Breeding males are brightly-coloured with red and black plumage. The forehead, face and throat are black and the rest of the head is red. The upperparts are red apart from the brown wings and tail. The upper breast and under tail-coverts are red while the lower breast and belly are black. The non-breeding male and female have streaky brown plumage, paler below. Females are smaller than the males.

Red Collared-Dove - This dove is essentially a plains species, extending to Taiwan and the Philippines but uncommon on the Malaysian archipelago, avoiding rocky foothill and an oriential species. There is however a summer migration into the broader cultivated valleys of Balochistan and the Afghania where it breeds. It is the commonest dove throughout the Punjab region. It is a summer migrant visitor to Pakistan and the Republic of India where it is more or less resident. It is abundant in the Punjab plains. They prefer better-wooded tracts such as canal or roadside tree plantations and avoid extensive desert regions. When they first arrive they are often in small flocks, but they soon split up and start pain formation and breeding.

Red Fody - The Madagascar Fody is about 5 inches in length and weighs 14–19 grams. The male of the species is bright red with black markings around each eye. Its wings and tail are olive-brown. The female fody's upper body is olive-brown and its underbody is greyish-brown.

Red Forest Fody - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Red Goshawk - The Red Goshawk used to be regarded as a very large member of the goshawk subfamily, Accipitridae, but it is now believed that the resemblance to these other birds is convergent. Experts now group the Red Goshawk with the superficially dissimilar Black-breasted Buzzard and Square-tailed Kite as one of the Australasian old endemic raptors. It is believed that the ancestors of these birds, possibly together with a handful of species from South-east Asia and Africa, occupied Gondwana and over the millennia have diverged into their current forms.

Red Grouse - The Willow Grouse or Willow Ptarmigan is a bird of the grouse subfamily. It is a sedentary species, breeding in birch and other forests and moorlands in the tundra of Scotland, Scandinavia, Siberia, and of Alaska and northern Canada. It is the state bird of Alaska.

Red Jungle-fowl - The range of the true species stretches from northeast India eastwards across southern China and down into Malaysia, The Philippines and Indonesia. Junglefowl are established on several of the Hawaiian Islands, but these are feral descendents of domestic chickens. They can also be found on Christmas Island and the Marianas.

Red Kite - This species was first described by Linnaeus in his Systema naturae in 1758 as Falco milvus.

Red Knot - The Red Knot, Calidris canutus , is a medium sized shorebird which breeds in tundra and the Arctic Cordillera in the far north of Canada, Europe, and Russia. It is a large member of the Calidris sandpipers, second only to the Great Knot. Six subspecies are recognised.

Red Lory - The Red Lory is the most commonly kept lory in captivity. This intelligent bird has a playful personality and a colourful appearance. Red Lories are primarily a deep red with black and electric blue markings on the wings and rump, pattern varies from individual to individual. The tail is darker maroon. They range in size from ten to twelve inches long and have an orange beak.

Red Munia - The Red Munia, Red Avadavat or Strawberry Finch is a sparrow-sized bird of the Munia family. It is found in the open fields and grasslands of tropical Asia and is popular as a cage bird due to the colourful plumage of the males in their breeding season. It breeds in South Asia during the Monsoon season. The species name of amandava and the common name of avadavat are derived from the city of Ahmedabad in Gujarat from where these birds were exported into the pet trade in former times.

Red Phalarope - The Red Phalarope , Phalaropus fulicarius, is a small wader. This phalarope breeds in the Arctic regions of North America and Eurasia. It is migratory, and, unusually for a wader, migrating mainly on oceanic routes and wintering at sea on tropical oceans.

Red Siskin - Some hope has been given to this highly endangered species by the discovery in 2003 of a population of several thousand birds in southern Guyana, 1000 km from any previously known colony. Otherwise the world population is believed to be between 600-6000 pairs.

Red Spurfowl - It is a bird of dry forests and cultivation, which is a quite secretive bird, and despite its size is difficult to see as it slips through the undergrowth. Often the first indication of its presence is its distinctive call.

Red Wattlebird - Although honeyeaters look and behave very much like other nectar-feeding passerines around the world , they are unrelated, and the similarities are the consequence of convergent evolution. The Red Wattlebird is a large grey-brown honeyeater with red eyes, distinctive red wattles either side of the neck and white streaks on the chest and belly, which reveals a bright yellow patch towards the tail. Juveniles are generally less flamboyant, with less prominent wattles and browner eyes.

Red-and-blue Lory - The Red-and-blue lory, Eos histrio is an arboreal parrot endemic to Indonesia. It is classed as endangered, as it is hunted for the pet trade and has lost much of its habitat due to habitat destruction. The Red-and-blue Lory is now confined to the Talaud Islands off northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Further populations, some apparently introduced, disappeared during the 20th century from Sangihe, Siau and Tagulandang. The population is estimated at only 5,000-10,000 birds. It is thought to be in rapid decline.

Red-and-green Macaw - This is the largest of the Ara genus, widespread in the forests and woodlands of northern and central South America. However, in common with other macaws, in recent years there has been a marked decline in its numbers due to habitat loss and illegal capture for the parrot trade.

Red-and-white Antpitta - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest.

Red-and-white Spinetail - The Red-and-white Spinetail is found along river corridors in the Amazon Basin. The major rivers are Peru's Ucayali River, and the Amazon Basin's Madeira River, Jurua River, Purus River, and the Amazon River.

Red-backed Fairywren - The Red-backed Fairywren mainly eats insects, and supplements its diet with seed and small fruit. The preferred habitat is heathland and savannah, particularly where low shrubs and tall grasses provide cover. It can be nomadic in areas where there are frequent bushfires, although pairs or small groups of birds maintain and defend territories year-round in other parts of its range. Groups consist of a socially monogamous pair with one or more helper birds who assist in raising the young. These helpers are progeny that have attained sexual maturity yet remain with the family group for one or more years after fledging. The Red-backed Fairywren is sexually promiscuous, and each partner may mate with other individuals and even assist in raising the young from such pairings. Older males in breeding plumage are more likely to engage in this behaviour than are those breeding in eclipse plumage. As part of a courtship display, the male wren plucks red petals from flowers and displays them to females.

Red-backed Kingfisher - The Red-backed Kingfisher is a species of kingfisher in the Halcyonidae family, also known as tree kingfishers. It is a predominantly blue-green and white bird with a chestnut rump. It is found across the continent of Australia, mainly inhabiting the drier regions.

Red-backed Shrike - This bird breeds in most of Europe and western Asia and winters in tropical Africa. Its range is contracting, and it is now probably extinct in Great Britain as a breeding bird, although it is frequent on migration. It is named as a protected bird in Britain under a Biodiversity Action Plan. It breeds in open cultivated country with hawthorn and dog rose.

Red-backed Thrush - It is endemic to forests on Sulawesi and the nearby islands of Buton and Kabaena in Indonesia. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.

Red-banded Flowerpecker - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Red-banded Fruiteater - Uniquely among the fruiteaters, the males' underparts are primarily grey. As suggested by its common name, the male also has a conspicuous red pectoral collar.

Red-bearded Bee-eater - Like other bee-eaters, they are colourful birds with long tails, long decurved beaks and pointed wings. They are large bee-eaters, predominantly green, with a red colouration to face that extends on to the slightly hanging throat feathers to form the “beard”.

Red-bellied Macaw - It is a resident bird in tropical Amazonian South America, from Colombia and Trinidad south to Amazonian Peru and Bolivia, and central Brazil as far as the northwestern cerrado of Brazil. Its habitat is forest and swamps with Moriche Palms . Their life revolves solely around this species of palm tree. Although locally common, in places it has been adversely affected by clearing of the palms for use as posts, or to allow cattle ranching; also by capture for the pet trade.

Red-bellied Malimbe - The Red-bellied Malimbe is a species of bird in the Ploceidae family. It is found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria, Sudan, and Uganda.

Red-bellied Parrot - The Red-bellied Parrot is a small parrot about 23 cm long. It is a mostly greenish and grey bird with the green being more prominent over its lower surfaces and the grey more prominent over its upper surfaces. Adult birds have green feathers covering the upper portions of their legs, red irises and dark grey beaks. The species is sexually dimorphic; Typically, males have a bright orange lower chest and abdomen, whilst adult females are greenish on these lower areas. The dimorphism occurs from a young age and is seen even in young chicks still in the nest.

Red-bellied Woodpecker - The Red-bellied Woodpecker, Melanerpes carolinus, is a medium-sized woodpecker of the Picidae family. It breeds in southern Canada and the northeastern United States, ranging as far south as Florida and as far west as Texas. Its common name is somewhat misleading, as the most prominent red part of its plumage is on the head; the Red-headed Woodpecker however is another species that is a rather close relative but looks entirely different.

Red-billed Blue Magpie - The head, neck and breast are black with a bluish spotting on the crown. The shoulders and rump are a duller blue and the underparts are a greyish cream. The long tail is a brighter blue with a broad white tip. The bill is a bright orange-red as are the legs and feet and a ring around the eye. This red can vary across its range to almost yellow in some birds.

Red-billed Brush Turkey - An Indonesian endemic, the Red-billed Brush-turkey inhabits to lowland forests on Vogelkop Peninsula, western Snow Mountains, and Misool Island of West Papua. It builds nest mound from sticks and leaves.

Red-billed curassow - The Red-knobbed Curassow or Red-billed Curassow, Crax blumenbachii, is an endangered species of Cracid that is endemic to lowland Atlantic Forest in the states of Espírito Santo, Bahia and Minas Gerais in southeastern Brazil. Its population is decreasing As suggested by its common name, the male has a largely red bill, but this is lacking in the female.

Red-billed Emerald - It is found in Colombia and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and heavily degraded former forest.

Red-billed Firefinch - The Red-billed Firefinch is 10 cm in length. The adult male has entirely scarlet plumage apart from brown wings. The bill is pink, and there is a yellow eye-ring. Females have uniformly brown upperparts and buff underparts. There is a small red patch in front of both eyes, and the bill is pink.

Red-billed Ground Cuckoo - The Red-billed Ground-cuckoo is a species of cuckoo in the Cuculidae family. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Red-billed Gull - The Red-billed Gull , once also known as the Mackerel Gull, is a native of New Zealand, being found throughout the country and on outlying islands including the Chatham Islands and Sub-antarctic islands.The Māori name of this species is Tarapunga or Akiaki. Its vernacular name is sometimes also used for the Dolphin Gull, a somewhat similar-looking but unrelated species. As is the case with many gulls, the Red-billed Gull has traditionally been placed in the genus Larus.

Red-billed Helmetshrike - It is found in West Africa, occurring in Benin, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Togo. In Central Africa it is replaced by the Rufous-bellied Helmet-shrike which is sometimes regarded as a subspecies of the Chestnut-bellied Helmetshrike.

Red-billed Helmetshrike - It is found in Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland.

Red-billed Hornbill - During incubation, the female lays three to six white eggs in a tree hole, which is blocked off with a plaster of mud, droppings and fruit pulp. There is only one narrow aperture, just big enough for the male to transfer food to the mother and the chicks.

Red-billed leiothrix - Adults have bright red bills and a dull yellow ring around their eyes. Their backs are dull olive green, and they have a bright yellow-orange throat with a yellow chin; females are somewhat duller than males, and juveniles have black bills.

Red-billed Malkoha - The Red-billed Malkoha is a species of cuckoo in the Cuculidae family. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.

Red-billed Oxpecker - The Red-billed Oxpecker nests in tree holes lined with hair plucked from livestock. It lays 2-5, average 3, eggs. Outside the breeding season it forms large, chattery flocks.

Red-billed Pied Tanager - The Red-billed Pied Tanager is 17 cm in length and weighs 34 g. It lives in the Amazon Rainforest of Brazil, Bolivia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru and Suriname. It occurs in groups of 3-6 individuals. It forages in mixed flocks for fruits in trees.

Red-billed pigeon - The Red-billed Pigeon, Patagioenas flavirostris , is a relatively large pigeon which breeds from southern Texas, United States, and northwestern Mexico south to Costa Rica. It belongs to a clade of Patagioenas which generally lack iridescent display plumage, except some vestiges in the Pale-vented Pigeon.

Red-billed Pintail - The Red-billed Teal is 43–48 cm long and has a blackish cap and nape, contrasting pale face, and bright red bill. The body plumage is a dull dark brown scalloped with white. Flight reveals that the secondary flight feathers are buff with a black stripe across them. The sexes are similar, but juveniles are duller than adults.

Red-billed Quailfinch - It is found in Angola, Burundi, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, Tanzania and Zambia. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

Red-billed Quelea - Red-billed Quelea grow to about 12.5 cm long and 15 to 20 g weight. During breeding the male is distinguished by its more colorful plumage and red bill. Breeding plumage in male queleas is unusually variable: comprising a facial mask which ranges from black to white in color, and breast and crown plumage which varies from yellowish to bright red. For the rest of the year male plumage resembles that of the female, which is a cryptic beige coloration. The female's bill is yellow during breeding, and red during the non-breeding season.

Red-billed Scimitar Babbler - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Red-billed Scythebill - It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Red-billed Toucan - It was formerly considered to be two species, with the southern and western nominate subspecies, R. t. tucanus, named the Red-billed Toucan, and the northern and eastern subspecies, R. t. cuvieri, Cuvier's Toucan . However, the two subspecies, which differ principally in the bill colour, interbreed freely wherever they meet and therefore merit only subspecies status. The subspecies R. t. inca from Bolivia is of questionable validity and may represent a stable hybrid population between tucanus and culminatus.

Red-billed Tropic Bird - The Indian Ocean race of the Red-billed Tropicbird, P. a. indicus, was at one time considered a full species, the Lesser Red-billed Tropicbird from Pakistan and the western Republic of India.

Red-billed Woodcreeper - It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is humid lowland forests.

Red-breasted Blackbird - The Red-breasted Blackbird breeds from southwestern Costa Rica, which it has recently colonised, and Trinidad, south to northeastern Peru and central Brazil.

Red-breasted Chat - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.

Red-breasted Flycatcher - The Asian race Ficedula parva albicilla has the red throat surrounded by grey and a different song. It is sometimes separated as the Taiga Flycatcher, or Red-throated Flycatcher, Ficedula albicilla .

Red-breasted Goose - The Red-breasted Goose is a goose of the genus Branta. It is sometimes separated in Rufibrenta but appears close enough to the Brent Goose to make this unnecessary, despite its distinct appearance.

Red-breasted Hill Partridge - It is a distinctive partridge with chestnut breast-band and grey belly. It is distinguished from the similar Rufous-throated Partridge A. rufogularis by more rufescent crown and head-sides, white gorget and entirely chestnut upper breast.

Red-breasted Madagascar Coucal - The Red-breasted Coua is a species of cuckoo in the Cuculidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar.

Red-breasted sapsucker - Adults have a red head and upper chest; they have a white lower belly and rump. They are black on the back and wings with bars; they have a large white wing patch. Red-Breasted Sapsuckers nest in tree cavities. Northern birds migrate to the southern parts of the range; birds on the coast are often permanent residents. Like other sapsuckers, these birds drill holes in trees and eat the sap as well as insects attracted to it. They sometimes catch insects in flight; they also eat seeds and berries. These birds interbreed with the Red-naped Sapsucker or Yellow-bellied Sapsucker where their ranges overlap.

Red-breasted Swallow - This is a bird of dry open country. In more wooded areas it is replaced by the similar Mosque Swallow. It builds a closed mud nest with a tubular entrance in a cavity or under bridges and similar structures. It will use deserted buildings, tree holes or caves, and has benefited from the construction of railway bridges and similar structures. Three eggs is a typical clutch.

Red-breasted thrush - The American Robin or North American Robin It has seven subspecies, but only T. m. confinis in the southwest is particularly distinctive, with pale gray-brown underparts.

Red-breasted Toucan - It is one of the smallest species of Ramphastos toucans, weighing approximately 350 grams. Its beak is one of the shortest of Ramphastos toucans at only about 10 cm in length. The Red-breasted Toucan derives its name from the large area of red feathers, which are really on the abdomen. Its breast is actually orange, with yellow at the sides. The beak is mostly pale greenish-horn, leading to its alternative common name, the Green-billed Toucan. In aviculture, their requirement of spacious cages, a high fruit diet and sensitivity to hemochromatosis make them difficult to maintain for novice keepers.

Red-browed Firetail - The species is distinguished by the bright red stripe above the eye, and bright red rump. The rest of the body is grey, with olive wing coverts and collar. Juveniles do not have red brow marks, and lack olive colouration on the collar and wing coverts. The adults are 11-12cm long.

Red-browed Pardalote - It is rare in the eastern part of its range, it is common in the north-west, where it prefers dry woodlands, mulga, and the trees growing along creekbeds. This beautiful pardalote builds it's nest underground at the end of a tunnel.

Red-browed parrot - It is threatened by habitat loss and capture for the wild parrot trade.

Red-capped Cardinal - The adult Red-capped Cardinal is 16.5 cm long and weighs about 22 g .

Red-capped Coua - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Red-capped Crombec - The Red-capped Crombec is a species of African warbler, formerly placed in the family Sylviidae. It is found in Angola, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and possibly Botswana. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland.

Red-capped Flowerpecker - A common but inconspicuous tiny bird with short bill and tail, red cap, rump and, in the male, red spot on the breast.

Red-capped Lark - This is a species of short grassland including fallow agricultural areas. In eastern Africa, it is found in the highlands, normally above 1000 m, but it [occurs down to sea level in suitable habitat in the cooler south of its extensive range.

Red-capped Manakin - The bird is probably best known for the male's unusual courting method whereby it shuffles rapidly backwards across a branch, akin to a speedy moonwalk.

Red-capped parrot - First described by German naturalist Heinrich Kuhl in 1820, from a collection in Albany, Western Australia,

Red-capped Plover - Red-capped Plovers have white underparts and forehead. Their upperparts are mainly grey-brown. Adult males have a rufous crown and hindneck. Adult females have a paler rufous and grey brown crown and hindneck, with pale loral stripe. The upperwing of Charadrius ruficapillus shows dark brown remiges and primary coverts with a white wingbar in flight. Its length is 14-16 cm and its wingspan is 27-34 cm; weight 35-40 g.

Red-capped Robin - The position of the Red-capped Robin and its Australian relatives on the passerine family tree is unclear; the Petroicidae are not closely related to either the European or American Robins but appear to be an early offshoot of the Passerida group of songbirds. The Red-capped Robin is a predominantly ground-feeding bird and its prey consists of insects and spiders. Although widespread, it is uncommon in much of its range and has receded in some areas from human activity.

Red-cheeked Cordon-bleu - The Red-cheeked Cordon-bleu is a small gregarious bird which feeds mainly on grain and other seeds. It is frequently seen at open dry grassland and savanna habitats as well as around human habitation. The nest is a large domed grass structure with a side entrance in a tree, bush or thatch into which 4-5 white eggs are laid.

Red-cheeked Parrot - The Red-cheeked Parrot is a species of parrot in the Psittacidae family. It is found in Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.

Red-chested Buttonquail - Red-chested Button-quail are not listed as threatened on the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. However, their conservation status varies from state to state within Australia. For example:

Red-chested Cuckoo - It is found in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. In Southern Africa it is a common breeding migrant, found throughout the area except for the drier west.

Red-chested Swallow - It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Barn Swallow, which it closely resembles. Red-chested Swallow differs in being slightly smaller than its migratory relative. It also has a narrower blue breast band, and the adult has shorter tail streamers. In flight, it looks paler underneath than Barn Swallow. Although the adult Red-chested Swallow is reasonably distinctive, juvenile can be confused with the juvenile Barn Swallow, which also has short tail streamers. However, juvenile Red-chested Swallow has a narrower breast band and more white in the tail.

Red-chinned Lorikeet - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Red-cockaded woodpecker - The Red-cockaded Woodpecker's most distinguishing feature is a black cap and nape that encircle large white cheek patches. Rarely visible, except perhaps during the breeding season and periods of territorial defense, the male has a small red streak on each side of its black cap called a cockade, hence its name. The Red-cockaded Woodpecker feeds primarily on ants, beetles, cockroaches, caterpillars, wood-boring insects, and spiders, and occasionally fruit and berries.

Red-collared Woodpecker - Its natural habitat is temperate forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Red-cowled Cardinal - Its occurs in a wide range of dry to semi-humid open to semi-open habitats in north-eastern Brazil . It has been introduced to Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, being locally common even in urban areas.

Red-crested cardinal - It is found in northern Argentina, Bolivia, southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Among others, it is found in southern regions of the Pantanal. It has also been introduced to Hawaii and Puerto Rico. In Brazil, it has been introduced to various places outside its historical range, as in the Tietê Ecological Park in São Paulo, alongside with its close relative, the Red-cowled Cardinal. The Yellow-billed Cardinal could be easily confused with the Red-crested Cardinal. The Yellow-billed Cardinal does not have a crest.

Red-crested Cotinga - It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and heavily degraded former forest.

Red-crested Malkoha - The Rough-crested Malkoha or Red-crested Malkoha is a species of cuckoo in the Cuculidae family. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Red-crested Pochard - Their breeding habitat is lowland marshes and lakes in southern Europe and southern and central Asia. They are somewhat migratory, and northern birds winter further south and into north Africa.

Red-crested Turaco - Niagara Falls Aviary, Canada

Red-crowned Ant-Tanager - Red-crowned Ant-Tanagers are 18 cm long and weigh 34 g or 31 g . Adult males are dull reddish brown with a brighter red throat and breast. The black-bordered scarlet crown stripe is raised when the bird is excited. The female is yellowish brown, with a yellow throat and yellow-buff crown stripe.

Red-crowned Barbet - The prey of Red-crowned Barbet include land snails of the genus Amphidromus.

Red-crowned Woodpecker - This woodpecker occurs in forests and semi-open woodland and cultivation. It nests in a hole in a dead tree or large cactus. The clutch is two eggs, incubated by both sexes, which fledge after 31-33 days.

Red-eared Conure - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and heavily degraded former forest.

Red-eared Firetail - BirdLife Species Factsheet

Red-eared Parrotfinch - The species inhabits forest understorey and edge, second growth and grassy clearings at altitude over 1,000 m. The status of the species is evaluated as Near Threatened.

Red-eyed Bulbul - The Red-eyed Bulbul is a species of songbird in the Pycnonotidae family. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Red-eyed Dove - This species builds a stick nest in a tree and lays two white eggs. Its flight is quick, with the regular beats and an occasional sharp flick of the wings which are characteristic of pigeons in general.

Red-eyed Thornbird - The Orange-eyed Thornbird is a species of bird in the Furnariidae family. It is endemic to Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil. It formerly included P. ferrugineigula as a subspecies, but under the common name Red-eyed Thornbird. Unlike that species, the Orange-eyed Thornbird has conspicuously bright orange eyes, far less rufous below and on the crown , and the entire tail rufous. The two also have different voices and are locally sympatric in São Paulo without evidence of interbreeding.

Red-eyed Vireo - The Red-eyed Vireo, Vireo olivaceus, is a small American songbird, 13-14 cm in length. It is somewhat warbler-like but not closely related to the New World warblers . Common across its vast range, this species is not considered threatened by the IUCN.

Red-faced Barbet - The Red-faced Barbet is a species of bird in the African barbet family Lybiidae. It is found in Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, moist savanna, and arable land. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Red-faced Cisticola - The race C. e. lepe, found in Angola and possibly the south-east of the Democratic Republic of Congo, is sometimes regarded as a separate species, the Lepe Cisticola.

Red-faced cormorant - The adult bird has glossy plumage that is a deep greenish blue in colour, becoming purplish or bronze on the back and sides. In breeding condition it has a double crest, and white plumes on the flanks, neck and rump, and the bare facial skin of the lores and around the eyes is a bright orange or red, giving the bird its name; although the coloration is less vivid outside the breeding season, the red facial skin is enough to distinguish it from the otherwise rather similar Pelagic Cormorant. Its legs and feet are brownish black. Its wings ranges from 25 to 29 cm in extent, with females having on average about 5 cm shorter wings. Adults weigh between 1.5 and 2.3 kg, with females averaging 350g less than males.

Red-faced Crimson-wing - It is found in Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Red-faced Crombec - The Red-faced Crombec is a species of African warbler, formerly placed in the family Sylviidae. It is found in Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist montanes, and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.

Red-faced Liocichla - It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Red-faced Lovebird - The Red-headed Lovebird is 15 cm long. It is a mostly green parrot. It has a well demarcated red area on its head extending from the top of the beak, over the forehead to mid-crown, and extending to the left and right up to the eyelid margins. The have grey feet. The underside of the wings are a lighter green. The female has orange head colouring, which is less well demarcated than the males red head. The adult male has a red beak and the female has a paler red beak.

Red-faced Malkoha - This is a large species at 46 cm with a long graduated tail. Its back is dark green, and the uppertail is green edged with white. The belly and undertail are white, the latter being barred black. The crown and throat are black, and the lower face white. There is a large red patch around the eye and the bill is green. Sexes are similar, but juveniles are much duller.

Red-faced Mousebird - This bird is about 34 cm long, with the tail comprising approximately half the length. The crested head and breast are pale cinnamon with a red bill and eye mask. The rest of the upperparts and tail are blue-grey apart from a paler grey rump. The belly is whitish. The sexes are similar, but juveniles lack the crest and have a green mask.

Red-faced Parrot - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Red-faced Pytilia - It is commonly found at Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone & Togo.

Red-faced warbler - Mature Red-faced Warblers are small birds, 14 cm long. They are light gray on top with a white rump and a white underside. The face, neck, and upper breast are all bright red, while the crown and sides of the head are black. The spot on the back of the head where the black crown and gray back meet is sometimes speckled gray, or sometimes plain white. They also have a quirky habit of flicking their tail sideways while feeding.

Red-faced Woodland Warbler - The Red-faced Woodland-warbler is a medium sized warbler with a distinctive reddish face, which is richer on P. l. schoutedeni. Overall the rest of the plumage is greenish above with a paler off white belly and rump.

Red-fan Parrot - The Red-fan Parrot possesses elongated neck feathers that can be raised to form an elaborate fan, which greatly increases the bird's apparent size, and is possibly used when threatened. It generally lives in undisturbed forest, feeding in the canopy on fruits. It nests in holes in trees and stumps, laying two to three eggs. Only two nests have been examined in the wild, both had one chick.

Red-flanked Lorikeet - There are five subspecies:

Red-footed booby - The Red-footed Booby, Sula sula, is a large seabird of the gannet family, Sulidae. They are powerful and agile fliers, but they are clumsy in takeoffs and landings.

Red-footed Falcon - The Red-footed Falcon , formerly Western Red-footed Falcon, is a bird of prey. It belongs to the family Falconidae, the falcons. This bird is found in eastern Europe and Asia although its numbers are dwindling rapidly due to habitat loss and hunting. It is migratory, wintering in Africa. It is a regular wanderer to western Europe, and in August 2004 a Red-footed Falcon was found in North America for the first time on the island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts.

Red-footed Madagascar Coucal - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Red-fronted Laughing Thrush - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Red-fronted Macaw - The Red-fronted Macaw is 55–60 cm long. It is mostly green, and has a red forehead, a red patch over the ears and bright red to orange edged under wing coverts. It has an area of pinkish skin around the eyes extending to the beak. It has red at the bend of wings and blue primary wing feathers.

Red-fronted Parakeet - Red-crowned Parakeets feed on seeds, fruit, berries, nuts and other parts of plants.

Red-fronted Parrot - The Red-fronted Parrot , also known as the Jardine's Parrot, is a medium-sized mainly green parrot endemic across wide areas of Africa. It has three subspecies. The extent and shade of the red or orange plumage on its head, thighs, and bend of wings vary depending on the subspecies.

Red-fronted Parrotlet - The Red-fronted Parrotlet, Touit costaricensis, is a parrot in Central America in Costa Rica and Panama. It is 15cm, green with a short tail, red forehead, lores, and under eye, red shoulders and leading edge of underwing, and the remaining underwing coverts yellow. Edges of tail also yellowish.

Red-fronted Rosefinch - The Red-Fronted Rosefinch is a species of rosefinch in the finch family Fringillidae. It is sometimes placed in the monotypic genus Pyrrhospiza. It is found in Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan. Its natural habitat is montane tundra.

Red-fronted Serin - This bird breeds in the Caucasus and the higher mountains of Turkey and Iran, with vagrants occasionally reaching the Greek Eastern Aegean Islands in winter. Outside the breeding season, it occurs in small flocks, typically seen searching through thistle patches. It is a popular cagebird, and escapes from captivity are occasionally found throughout Europe.

Red-fronted Tinkerbird - The Red-fronted Tinkerbird is a widespread and frequently common resident breeder in eastern South Africa, with a separate population from southern Sudan and Ethiopia south to central and eastern Tanzania. It is sometimes considered conspecific with its northern counterpart, the Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird, Pogoniulus chrysoconus.

Red-fronted Tree Babbler - This 12 cm long babbler has a rufous crown, grey supercilium, brown upperparts and pale buff underparts. the juvenile has a paler crown and underparts.

Red-headed Barbet - The Red-headed Barbet is a species of bird in the Capitonidae family. It is found in humid highland forest in Costa Rica and Panama, as well as the Andes in western Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and far northern Peru. The diet of the Red-headed Barbet may include bananas and various other fruits.

Red-headed Bluebill - It is found in Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern. This species has a large range, with an estimated global Extent of Occurrence of 560,000 km². The global population size has not been quantified, but it is believed to be large as the species is described as 'frequent' in at least parts of its range . Global population trends have not been quantified, but the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List . For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

Red-headed Bullfinch - It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Its natural habitat is temperate forests.

Red-headed Bunting - It breeds in central Asia. It is migratory, wintering in India. Its status in western Europe, where it is a potential vagrant, is confused by escapes, especially as this species is more commonly recorded than the closely related Black-headed Bunting, despite the latter have a more westerly breeding range. Reports in Britain have declined dramatically over recent years, co-inciding with the decline in Asiatic imports for the cage-bird trade.

Red-headed Falcon - The Red-necked Falcon or Red-headed Merlin is a bird of prey in the falcon family. This bird is a widespread resident in India and adjacent regions as well as sub-Saharan Africa. It is sometimes called Turumti locally.

Red-headed Finch - It is found in Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe.

Red-headed Parrotfinch - It is found in subtropical/ tropical lowland moist forest. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

Red-headed Quelea - The Red-headed Quelea is a species of bird in the Ploceidae family. It is found in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

Red-headed Tailor Bird - The Rufous-Tailed Tailorbird is a species of Old World warbler in the Sylviidae family. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.

Red-headed Tanager - It is endemic to Mexico. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Red-headed Tree Babbler - It is found in Bhutan, China, Hong Kong, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Red-headed Trogon - It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Republic of India, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Red-headed Vulture - Up to 85 cm long and weighing 3.7-5.4 kg , this gaudy-faced vulture was historically abundant with range over south-central and south-eastern Asia extending from Pakistan to Singapore. Today the range of the Red-headed Vulture is localized primarily to Nepal and northern India where it is found in open country and in cultivated and semi-desert areas.

Red-headed Weaver - It is found in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

Red-headed Woodpecker - The Red-headed Woodpecker was one of the many species originally described by Linnaeus in his 18th-century work Systema Naturae.

Red-hooded Tanager - It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Red-kneed Dotterel - Adults distinctively marked: Black cap or hood from bill, extending below eyes, merging at nape to grey-brown of back. White chin and throat. Broad black band on breast joining nape and also extending to flanks as chestnut stripe. Belly and vent white. Back and mantle grey-brown, mainly black upperwing with white trailing edge. Upper leg, including tarsal joint or “knee”, red. Bill red with dark tip.

Red-knobbed Imperial-Pigeon - Formerly classified as a Species of Least Concern by the IUCN.

Red-legged crake - Medium-large crake . Head, neck and breast red-brown, paler on throat. Upperparts grey-brown. Underparts and underwing barred black and white. Bill green; legs and feet red.

Red-legged duck - The American Black Duck is a large dabbling duck.

Red-legged Honeycreeper - The Red-legged Honeycreeper is on average 12.2 cm long, weighs 14 g and has a medium-long black, slightly decurved, bill. The male is violet-blue with black wings, tail and back, and bright red legs. The crown of its head is turquoise, and the underwing, visible only in flight, is lemon yellow. After the breeding season, the male moults into an eclipse plumage, mainly greenish with black wings.

Red-legged kittiwake - The Red-legged Kittiwake is a very localised subarctic Pacific species. Apart from the distinguishing feature implicit in its name, it is very similar to its better known relative, the Black-legged Kittiwake; other differences include the shorter bill, larger eyes, a larger, rounder head and darker grey wings, and in the juveniles, which barely differ from the adults, lacking the black tail band and 'W' across the wings of juvenile Black-legged Kittiwakes. Juveniles take three years to reach maturity.

Red-legged Partridge - It is a rotund bird, with a light brown back, grey breast and buff belly. The face is white with a black gorget. It has rufous-streaked flanks and red legs. When disturbed, it prefers to run rather than fly, but if necessary it flies a short distance on rounded wings.

Red-legged Seriema - Species-level:

Red-legged Tinamou - The Red-legged Tinamou or Red-footed Tinamou,.

Red-lored Amazon - It is 32–35 cm long, with a weight of 310–480 g. The plumage is primarily green, with red forehead and in some subspecies yellow cheeks . The crown is blue. Adult males and females do not differ in plumage. Juveniles have less yellow on cheeks, less red on forehead, and dark irises.

Red-lored Whistler - The Red-lored Whistler is generally restricted to the “Big Desert” or “Ninety-mile Desert” country of south-eastern South Australia and western Victoria, but which is now regularly observed north of the River Murray and at Round Hill Nature Reserve in outback New South Wales, and has been recorded from Pinkawillinnie Conservation Park , and in the vicinity of Adelaide, from where the type specimen was allegedly collected. In every case, the habitat is Mallee Woodland.

Red-mantled Rosefinch - The Red-Mantled Rosefinch is a species of finch in the Fringillidae family. It is found in Afghanistan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, and Tajikistan. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and boreal shrubland.

Red-masked Conure - Red-masked Parakeets average about 33 cm long, of which half is the tail. They are bright green with a mostly red head on which the elongated pale eye-ring is conspicuous; the nape is green. Also, the lesser and median underwing coverts are red, and there is some red on the neck, the thighs, and the leading edge of the wings. Juveniles have green plumage, until their first red feathers appear at around the age of four months.

Red-moustached Fruit-Dove - The Red-moustached Fruit-dove was a species of bird in the Columbidae family. It was endemic to French Polynesia.

Red-naped Fruit Dove - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Red-naped Ibis - at Pocharam lake, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Red-necked Amazon - It is green, with bright splashes of various colours. Its name is due to the area of red plumage commonly found at its throat.

Red-necked Aracari - It is found in Bolivia and Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.

Red-necked Avocet - With long wading legs, this bird is found swimming and wading on or around lakes and shallow areas such as mud flats.

Red-necked Crake - The Red-necked Crake is a waterbird in the rail and crake family Rallidae.

Red-necked Francolin - The Red-necked Francolin breeds across the central belt of Africa and down the east coast to Tanzania.

Red-necked Grebe - The Red-necked Grebe, Podiceps grisegena, is a migratory aquatic bird that is found in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Its wintering habitat is largely restricted to calm waters just beyond the waves around ocean coasts, although some birds may winter on large lakes. Grebes prefer shallow bodies of fresh water such as lakes, marshes or fish-ponds as breeding sites.

Red-necked Nightjar - Open sandy heaths with trees or bushes are the haunts of this crepuscular Nightjar. It flies at dusk, most often at sundown, with an easy, silent moth-like flight; its strong and deliberate wingbeats alternate with graceful sweeps and wheels with motionless wings.

Red-necked Snow Finch - The Rufous-necked Snowfinch is a species of bird in the sparrow family.

Red-necked Tanager - It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.

Red-ruffed Fruitcrow - It has a relatively heavy pale bluish bill, and the plumage is primarily black, but with a bright orange-crimson patch on the throat . Some subspecies have brown underparts. Males gather in loose leks where they call to attract the smaller, but otherwise similar, females.

Red-rumped Bush-Tyrant - The Red-rumped Bush-tyrant is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family, the only one in the genus Cnemarchus.

Red-rumped Cacique - The Red-rumped Cacique's natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical swamps, and heavily degraded former forest.

Red-rumped Parrot - The Red-rumped Parrot , also known as the Red-backed Parrot or Grass Parrot, is a common bird of south-eastern Australia, particularly in the Murray-Darling Basin.

Red-rumped Swallow - The Red-rumped Swallow is a small passerine bird in the swallow family. It breeds in open hilly country of temperate southern Europe and Asia from Portugal and Spain to Japan, India and tropical Africa. The Indian and African birds are resident, but European and other Asian birds are migratory. They winter in Africa or India and are vagrants to Christmas Island and northern Australia.

Red-rumped Waxbill - It is found in Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Tanzania. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

Red-rumped Wheatear - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.

Red-rumped Woodpecker - The habitat of this small woodpecker is forests, more open woodland, and cultivation. Two or three white eggs are laid in a nest hole in a dead tree.

Red-shouldered Cuckooshrike - It is found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, and Uganda.

Red-shouldered Hawk - Males are 43 to 58 cm long, weigh about 550 g and have a wingspan of 96 cm . Females are slightly larger at 48 to 61 cm in length, a weight of about 700 g , and a wingspan of about 105 cm . Adults have a brownish head, a reddish chest, and a pale belly with reddish bars. Their tail, which is quite long by Buteo standards, is marked with narrow white bars. The red "shoulder" is visible when the bird is perched as seen in the image to the right. These hawks' upper parts are dark with pale spots and they have long yellow legs. Western birds may appear more red while Florida birds are generally paler. The wings of adults are more heavily barred on the upper side. Juvenile Red-shouldered Hawks are most likely to be confused with juvenile Broad-winged Hawks, but can be distinguished by their long tail, crescent-like wing markings, and a more flapping, Accipiter-like flight style.

Red-shouldered Macaw - The Red-shouldered Macaw , is representative of two distinct subspecies: Noble Macaw or Hahn's Macaw. Both are a small parrot native to the tropical lowlands, savannah and swamplands of Venezuela, the Guianas, Bolivia, Brazil, and far south-eastern Peru. It is the smallest macaw. These birds range from 30 to 35 centimetres in length, and have good speech mimicry. They are frequently bred in captivity for the commercial pet trade. They are not considered to be an endangered species, but wild populations have declined locally due to habitat loss. As most parrots, they are listed in Appendix II of the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species, which makes the trade and export of wild caught birds illegal. This status greatly limits the ability to capture or sell wild birds.

Red-shouldered Spinetail - The Red-shouldered Spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariidae family. It is the only member of the genus Gyalophylax.

Red-shouldered Tanager - It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland.

Red-shouldered vanga - This species is notable for being the last species viewed by internationally renown bird watcher Phoebe Snetsinger before her tragic 1999 death in Madagascar.

Red-spectacled Amazon - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, dry savanna, and plantations . It is threatened by habitat loss.

Red-tailed Amazon - Red-tailed Amazons weigh around 425 g and are approximately 35 cm long. As expected from its common name, it has a broad red band on its tail, but as it largely is limited to the inner webs of the feathers, it is mainly visible from below or when the tail is spread open. Additionally, the tail has a broad yellow tip, and the outer rectrices are dark purplish-blue at the base. The remaining plumage is green, while the throat, cheeks and auriculars are purple-blue, the forecrown is red, and the retrices are broadly tipped dark blue. It has a yellowish bill with a blackish tip to the upper mandible, a pale grey eye ring, and orange irises. Juveniles have a duller plumage and a brown irises.

Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo - Adult Red-tailed Black Cockatoos are around 60 centimetres in length and sexually dimorphic. Males are completely black in colour, excepting their prominent red tail bands; the slightly smaller females are brownish-black with yellow barring and spotting and have yellow-orange tail stripes. The species is usually found in eucalyptus woodlands, or along water courses. In the more northerly parts of the country, these cockatoos are commonly seen in large flocks. They are seed eaters and cavity nesters. As such, they depend on trees with fairly large diameters, generally Eucalyptus. Populations in southeastern Australia are threatened by the reduction in forest cover and by other habitat alterations. Of the black cockatoos, the red-tailed black is the most adaptable to aviculture,

Red-tailed Comet - The male has a spectacular, long, iridescent, golden-reddish tail.

Red-tailed Greenbul - The Red-tailed Bulbul is a species of songbird in the Pycnonotidae family. It is found in Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Red-tailed Hawk - The Red-tailed Hawk is a bird of prey, one of three species colloquially known in the United States as the "chickenhawk," though it rarely preys on chickens. It breeds throughout most of North America, from western Alaska and northern Canada to as far south as Panama and the West Indies, and is one of the most common buteos in North America. Red-tailed Hawks can acclimate to all the biomes within its range. There are fourteen recognized subspecies, which vary in appearance and range. It is one of the largest members of the genus Buteo in North America, typically weighing from 690 to 1600 grams and measuring 45–65 cm in length, with a wingspan from 110 to 145 cm . The Red-tailed Hawk displays sexual dimorphism in size, with females averaging about 25% heavier than males.

Red-tailed Minla - It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Red-tailed Tropic Bird - The Red-tailed Tropicbird looks like a stout tern, and hence closely resembles the other two tropicbird species. It has generally white plumage, often with a pink tinge, a black crescent around the eye and a thin red tail feather. It has a bright red bill and black feet.

Red-tailed Vanga - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Red-throated Ant-Tanager - Red-throated Ant-tanager are 19 cm long and weigh 40 g. Adult males are dull dusky red, somewhat paler below, and with a bright red throat and central crown. The female is brownish olive, paler and greyer below, and with a yellow throat and small dull yellow crown stripe. Young birds are brown and lack the throat and crown patches.

Red-throated Barbet - The Red-throated Barbet is a species of bird in the Ramphastidae family. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical swamps. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Red-throated Caracara - It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Red-throated Diver - The Red-throated Loon or Red-throated Diver , is a migratory aquatic bird found in the northern hemisphere; it breeds primarily in Arctic regions, and winters in northern coastal waters. It is the most widely distributed member of the loon or diver family.

Red-throated Lorikeet - This bird occurs on the islands of Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Taveuni and Ovalau. Ten specimens were collected in 1923, but it was last recorded in 1993, although it may also have been seen on Mt. Tomaniivi on Viti Levu in 2001. A search of Viti Levu in 2001-2 failed to find any birds, as did a second series of surveys in 2003.

Red-throated Parrotfinch - It is found in either subtropical or tropical lowland moist forest and shrubland habitats. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

Red-throated Piping-Guan - The Red-throated Piping-guan is a species of bird in the Cracidae family. It is found in Bolivia and Brazil. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Red-throated pipit - This is a small pipit, with adults easily identified in the breeding season by their brick red face and throat. In other plumages this is an undistinguished looking species, heavily streaked brown above, with whitish mantle stripes, and with black markings on a white background below. Its flight is strong and direct, and it gives a characteristic "psii" call.

Red-throated Thrush - The Red-throated Thrush is a migratory Asian species. Its range overlaps with the more westerly-breeding Black-throated Thrush. It is a large thrush with a plain grey back and reddish underwings. The adult male has a red throat. Females and young birds lack the bib, but have black-streaked underparts. This bird species is a very rare vagrant to western Europe.

Red-vented bulbul - The Red-vented Bulbul is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is resident breeder in tropical southern Asia from India and Sri Lanka east to Burma and southwestern China. It has been introduced and has established itself in the wild in many Pacific islands including Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, and Hawaii. It has also established itself in parts of Dubai, the United Arab Emirates and New Zealand. It is included among the world's worst invasive alien species.

Red-vented Cockatoo - The plumage is all white with red undertail coverts tipped white, yellowish undertail and pale yellow underwings. It is 12.2 inches long and has an 8.6 inches wingspan.

Red-wattled Lapwing - The Red-wattled Lapwing is a lapwing or large plover, a wader in the family Charadriidae. It has characteristic loud alarm calls which are variously rendered as Did he do it or Pity to do it

Red-whiskered bulbul - The Red-whiskered Bulbul is a passerine bird found in Asia. It is a member of the bulbul family. It is a resident frugivore found mainly in tropical Asia. It has been introduced in many tropical areas of the world where populations have established themselves. It feeds on fruits and small insects and they conspicuously perch on trees and their calls are a loud three or four note call. The distinctive crest and the red-vent and whiskers makes them easy to identify. They are very common in hill forests and urban gardens within its range.

Red-winged Blackbird - The Red-winged Blackbird is a passerine bird of the family Icteridae found in most of North and much of Central America. It breeds from Alaska and Newfoundland south to Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, Mexico, and Guatemala, with isolated populations in western El Salvador, northwestern Honduras, and northwestern Costa Rica. It may winter as far north as Pennsylvania and British Columbia, but northern populations are generally migratory, moving south to Mexico and the southern United States. The Red-winged Blackbird is sexually dimorphic; the male is all black with a red shoulder and yellow wing bar, while the female is a nondescript dark brown. Seeds and insects make up the bulk of the Red-winged Blackbird's diet.

Red-winged Fairy-wren - Bearing a narrow pointed bill adapted for probing and catching insects, the Red-winged Fairywren is primarily insectivorous; it forages and lives in the shelter of scrubby vegetation in temperate wetter forests dominated by the Karri , remaining close to cover to avoid predators. Like other fairywrens, it is a cooperative breeding species, with small groups of birds maintaining and defending small territories year-round. Groups consist of a socially monogamous pair with several helper birds who assist in raising the young. There is a higher proportion of female helpers recorded for this species than for other species of fairywren. A variety of vocalisations and visual displays have been recorded for communication and courtship in this species. Singing is used to advertise territory, and birds can distinguish other individuals on song alone. Male wrens pluck yellow petals and display them to females as part of a courtship display.

Red-winged Francolin - The Red-winged Francolin is a species of bird in the Phasianidae family. It is found in Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia.

Red-winged Lark - The range of Red-winged Lark is quite extensive within Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda, with an estimated global Extent of Occurrence of 660,000 km2.

Red-winged Laughingthrush - The plumage is mostly brown with large areas of red in the wings and tail. The crown and ear-coverts are grey with dark streaks and the throat is dark. The bill and feet are blackish. It has a loud, whistling song and is 27 to 28 centimetres long. The Red-tailed Laughingthrush is similar but has a rufous crown and greyer back and breast.

Red-winged Parrot - The Red-winged parrot is typically about 30 to 33 cm in length. Both sexes have bright red wings and a bright green body. The male birds have a black nape, lower blue back and rump with a yellow tip on their tail, an orange bill and grey feet. The female birds on the other hand have a yellowish green body and the wings have red and pink trimmings on their wings. Also distinguishing the females are a dark iris and the lower back is a light blue colour. Juveniles have orange/yellow beaks and pale brown irises, and otherwise resemble females in colouration. Males develop adult plumage at about the age of two years and females at the age of about a year and a half.

Red-winged Prinia - It is found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitat is dry savanna.

Red-winged Pytilia - It is found at Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo and Uganda. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

Red-winged Starling - The Red-winged Starling builds a lined nest of grass and twigs, and with a mud base, on a natural or structural ledge. It lays 2–4, usually three, blue eggs, spotted with red-brown. The female incubates the eggs for 13–14 days, with another 22–28 days to hatching. This starling is commonly double-brooded. It may be parasitised by the Great Spotted Cuckoo.

Red-winged thrush - The Redwing is a bird in the thrush family Turdidae, native to Europe and Asia, slightly smaller than the related Song Thrush.

Red-winged Tinamou - The Red-winged Tinamou, Rhynchotus rufescens, is a medium-sized ground-living bird from central and eastern South America.

Reddish egret - According to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department , there are only 1,500 to 2,000 nesting pairs of Reddish Egrets in the United States - and most of these are in Texas. They are classified as "threatened" in Texas and receive special protection.

Reddish Hermit - The majority of the Reddish Hermit's range, in northern and central South America, is the entire Amazon Basin to the foothill drainages of the eastern Andes slope. The Caribbean and Atlantic coasts of the entire Guianas are included in the northeast; in the southeast, the southeastern limit is the eastern banks of the Tocantins River in the Araguaia-Tocantins River system, usually included as part of the Amazon Basin. The countries included in the bird's range in the western Amazon Basin drainage are Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

Reddish Scops-Owl - The Reddish Scops Owl is an owl found in southeast Asia.

Redhead - The adult male has a blue bill, a red head and neck, a black breast, yellow eyes and a grey back. The adult female has a brown head and body and a darker bluish bill with a black tip.

Redshank - The Common Redshank or simply Redshank is an Eurasian wader in the large family Scolopacidae.

Redstart - Southeastern Common Redstart

Redthroat - Its natural habitat is Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation.

Reed Cormorant - The Reed Cormorant , also known as the Long-tailed Cormorant, is a bird in the cormorant family Phalacrocoracidae. It breeds in much of Africa south of the Sahara, and Madagascar. It is resident but undertakes some seasonal movements.

Reed Warbler - This small passerine bird is a species found almost exclusively in reed beds, usually with some bushes. The 3-5 eggs are laid in a basket nest in reeds. The chicks fledge after 10 or 11 days. This species is usually monogamous .

Reeves's Pheasant - The name commemorates the British naturalist John Reeves, who first introduced live specimens to Europe in 1831.

Regent Bowerbird - All male bowerbirds build bowers, which can be simple ground clearings or elaborate structures, to attract female mates. Regent bowerbirds in particular are known to mix a muddy greyish blue or pea green "saliva paint" in their mouths which they use to decorate their bowers. Regents will sometimes use wads of greenish leaves as "paintbrushes" to help spread the substance, representing one of the few known instances of tools used by birds.

Regent Honeyeater - Recent genetic research suggests it is closely related to the wattlebirds.

Regent Parrot - The Regent Parrot is a bird of the parrot family . It has predominantly yellow plumage with a green tail. The bird is found primarily in eucalyptus groves and other wooded areas of subtropical southwestern Australia, as well as to a smaller area of subtropical and temperate southeastern Australia. Seeds make up the bulk of its diet.

Regulus ignicapilla - This is the second smallest European bird at 9 to 10 cm. The Firecrest is greenish above and has whitish underparts. It has two white wingbars, a black eye stripe and a white supercilium. It has a crest, orange in the male and yellow in the female, which is displayed during breeding, and gives rise to the English name for the species. This is a restless species, constantly on the move as it searches for insects, and frequently hovering. It resembles the Goldcrest, but its bronze shoulders and strong face pattern are distinctive.

Regulus madeirensis - The Madeira Firecrest is a member of the kinglet family and is very closely allied to the Firecrest, which it was considered a subspecies of until recently. It differs in having a shorter supercilium, duller orange crest and a longer bill, as well as a different song and call notes.

Reichard's Seedeater - The Reichard's Seedeater is a species of finch in the Fringillidae family. It is found in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitat is dry savanna.

Reinwardt's Long-tailed Pigeon - The Great Cuckoo-dove is a species of bird in the Columbidae family. It is endemic to Indonesia.

Relict gull - The Relict Gull, Ichthyaetus relictus, is a medium-sized gull which breeds in several locations in Mongolia , two in Kazakhstan, one in Russia, and one in China. Small numbers appear to migrate to South Korea during the nonbreeding period. There is additional evidence that larger numbers may migrate to eastern China as well, but this is not verified. As is the case with many gulls, it has traditionally been placed in the genus Larus.

Rennell Fantail - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Rennell Island White-eye - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Rennell Shrikebill - It is endemic to Solomon Islands. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Rennell Starling - The plumage of the Rennell Starling is blackish with a green-blue gloss. It has a yellow-orange eye and a short tail. It is an abundant bird of tropical moist lowland forests, secondary growth and coconut plantations.

Resplendent Quetzal - P. m. costaricensis P. m. mocinno

Restless Flycatcher - Also known colloquially as Scissors Grinder, Girl Grinder, or Dishwasher on account of its unusual call,

Reunion Bulbul - The Réunion Bulbul , also known as Olivaceous Bulbul, is a passerine endemic to Réunion. Formerly, the Mauritius Bulbul was included here as subspecies olivaceus, but nowadays H. borbonicus is considered monotypic.

Reunion Cuckooshrike - The Reunion Cuckoo-shrike is a small arboreal bird. The plumage is dimorphic between the sexes. The male is grey coloured with a darker back and lighter underside; the face is darker and has the impression of a mask. The female is quite different, being dark brown above and striped underneath with a white eye-line. The call of the species is a clear whistled tui tui tui, from which is derived its local Réunion Creole/French name, tuit-tuit.

Reunion Harrier - It is about 50 cm long; the female is around 3–15% larger than the male. The male has a blackish head and back with white streaks. The underparts, underwings and rump are white and the tail is grey. The wings are grey and black with a white leading edge. Females and immatures are dark brown with a white rump and barred tail.

Reunion Petrel - The Mascarene Petrel is a medium-sized, dark gadfly petrel.

Reunion Starling - The Bourbon Crested Starling was discovered in 1669 and first described 1783 by Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert. It got its name from its conspicuous ash grey crest. It reached a size of 30 cm. in length. The wings, which were coloured grey-brown, had wingspan of 4.7 cm. The tail was 11.4 cm long and had a rufous hue. It had long yellow legs with tarsi of about 3.9 cm. The nails were curved. The head, neck, and abdomen were white. There was sexual dimorphism between male and female. The male had a 4 cm long light-yellow coloured bill which was slightly downcurved. The bill of the female was smaller and straight. The crest of the male was directed forwards, the crest of the female backwards. Because of its crest and the form of its bill it was long regarded as relative of the hoopoes by scientists, and its French name Huppe was derived from that. Boddaert named it Hupupa varia when he first described it but naturalist René-Primevère Lesson put it in its own genus Fregilupus in 1831. However, after careful ana

Reunion Stonechat - It has for some time been included in the "Common Stonechat" , but it is well distinct; it is an insular derivative of the African Stonechat. Its ancestors diverged from the sub-Saharan African lineage as it spread across the continent some 2-2.5 mya during the Late Pliocene.

Rhinoceros auklet - It ranges widely across the North Pacific feeding on small fish and nesting in seabird colonies. Its name is derived from a horn-like extension of the beak. This horn is only present in breeding adults, and like the elaborate sheath on the bill of puffins is shed every year.

Rhinoceros Hornbill - Like most other hornbills, the male has orange or red eyes, and the female has whitish eyes. This bird has a mainly white beak and casque , but there are orange places here and there. It has white underparts, especially to the tail. This bird lives in the Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.

Rhodopechys mongolicus - The Mongolian Finch is a small, long-winged bird. It has a large head and short, thick greyish-yellow bill. In breeding plumage, males have a pink flush to their face and underparts, and there are extensive white and pink areas in the wings, a pattern that is also present but less marked in non-breeding plumage.

Rhopornis ardesiacus - The Slender Antbird is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It is monotypic within the genus Rhopornis. It is endemic to Brazil.

Ribbon-tailed Bird of Paradise - One of the most spectacular birds of paradise, the male Ribbon-tailed Astrapia has the longest tail feathers in relation to body size of any bird, over three times the length of its body.

Richard's Pipit - It belongs to the pipit genus Anthus in the family Motacillidae. It was formerly lumped together with the Australasian, African, Mountain and Paddyfield Pipits in a single species: Richard's Pipit, Anthus novaeseelandiae. These pipits are now commonly considered to be separate species although the African and Paddyfield Pipits are sometimes treated as part of Anthus richardi.

Ridgway's Hawk - The Ridgway's Hawk's original breeding range included Haiti and the Dominican Republic and some of the adjacent isles and keys. As of 2006, its only known population resides within Los Haitises National Park in the northeastern Dominican Republic, which is mostly covered by wet limestone forest.

Rifleman - The Rifleman, Acanthisitta chloris, is a small insectivorous passerine bird that is endemic to New Zealand. The bird resembles a wren in form but is not linked to the family of true wrens, Troglodytidae.

Rimatara Reed-Warbler - The Rimatara Reed-warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Sylviidae family. It is found only in French Polynesia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and swamps.

Rimator pasquieri - The Long-billed Wren-babbler is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family. It is monotypic within the genus Rimator. It is found in Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Ring Ouzel - It is the mountain equivalent of the closely-related Common Blackbird, and breeds in gullies, rocky areas or scree slopes.

Ring-billed Gull - Adults are 49 cm length and with a 124 cm wingspan. The head, neck and underparts are white; the relatively short bill is yellow with a dark ring; the back and wings are silver gray; and the legs are yellow. The eyes are yellow with red rims. This gull takes three years to reach its breeding plumage; its appearance changes with each fall moult.

Ring-necked Dove - Males and females look alike, although the males are slightly bigger. They are usually around 27–28 cm in length.

Ring-necked Duck - The adult male is similar in color pattern to the Eurasian Tufted Duck, its relative. It has a grey bill with a white band, a shiny purple head, a white breast, yellow eyes and a dark grey back. The adult female has a pale brown head and body with a dark brown back, a dark bill with a more subtle light band than the male and brown eyes. The cinnamon neck ring is usually difficult to observe, unlike the white ring on its bill, which is why the bird is sometimes referred to as a "ringbill".

Ring-necked Francolin - The Ring-necked Francolin is a bird species in the family Phasianidae.

Ring-tailed Pigeon - The Ring-tailed Pigeon is a species of bird in the Columbidae family. It is endemic to Jamaica.

Ringed Antpipit - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Ringed Kingfisher - The breeding habitat is areas near large bodies of water, usually in heavily wooded areas where it finds a perch to hunt from. It is mostly a sedentary species, remaining in territories all year long.

Ringed Plover - Adults are 17-19.5 cm in length with a 35-41 cm wingspan. They have a grey-brown back and wings, a white belly, and a white breast with one black neckband. They have a brown cap, a white forehead, a black mask around the eyes and a short orange and black bill. The legs are orange and only the outer two toes are slightly webbed, unlike the slightly smaller but otherwise very similar Semipalmated Plover, which has all three toes slightly webbed, and also a marginally narrower breast band; it was in former times included in the present species. Juvenile Ringed Plovers are duller than the adults in colour, with an often incomplete grey-brown breast band, a dark bill and dull yellowish-grey legs.

Ringed Storm-Petrel - The breeding biology of the Hornby's Storm-petrel is a mystery, as its colonies and nests have never been found. It is thought to breed between March and July, as this is when fledglings are regularly seen at sea around Lima and Antofagasta . There have also been reports of mummified fledglings and adults found in crevices in the Atacama Desert 50 km from the sea, and even reports of one fledgling being seen 150km from the sea, and one unproven report of a bird flying into a nest in the town of Caraz in Peru, 100km from the sea.

Ringed Teal - The male and female remain colourful throughout the year, lacking an eclipse plumage. The drake has a rich chestnut back, pale grey flanks and a salmon-coloured breast speckled in black. A black band runs from the top of its head down to the nape. Females have an olive-brownish back with the head blotched and striated in white, with pencilled barring on a pale chest and belly. Both have a dark tail, a contrasting pale rump, and a distinctive white patch on the wing. Bills are grey and legs and feet are pink in both sexes. Pairs easily bond. Their contact calls are a cat-like mee-oowing in ducks, a lingering peewoo in drakes.

Rio Branco Antbird - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.

Rio de Janeiro Antbird - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and dry savanna. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rio de Janeiro Antwren - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rio Suno Antwren - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Ripley's Fruit Dove - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. In fact, there have been no recorded sightings of it since 1953; it may or may not be extinct.

River Lapwing - The River Lapwing, Vanellus duvaucelii, is a lapwing species which breeds in Southeast Asia from northeastern India to Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. It appears to be entirely sedentary. Formerly also called Spur-winged Lapwing, this name is better reserved for one of the "Spur-winged Plovers" of old, Vanellus spinosus of Africa, whose scientific name it literally translates. The Masked Lapwing of Australasia was at one time also called "Spur-winged Plover", xompleting the name confusion - particularly as none of these is a plover in the strict sense.

River Tern - This species breeds from March to May in colonies in less accessible areas such as sandbanks in rivers. It nests in a ground scrape, often on bare rock or sand, and lays three greenish-grey to buff eggs, which are blotched and streaked with brown.

River Tyrannulet - Its range consists of several Amazon Basin river-corridors and the Orinoco River drainage river corridors, and extending into neighbor contries, or a country-river border. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist shrubland located along these corridors.

Roadside hawk - The Roadside Hawk is a relatively small bird of prey found in Latin America.

Robust White-eye - The Robust White-eye , also known as the Lord Howe White-eye or Robust Silvereye, and locally as the "Big Grinnell", was a species of bird in the Zosteropidae family. It was endemic to the lowland forests of Lord Howe Island, east of Australia.

Robust Woodpecker - The Robust Woodpecker is a species of bird in the Picidae family. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Rock Bunting - It breeds in northwest Africa, southern Europe east to central Asia, and the Himalayas. It is partially migratory, with northern populations wintering further south, mainly within the breeding range of the resident southern populations. It is a rare wanderer to western Europe.

Rock Firefinch - The Rock Firefinch has a blue-grey bill, red back in the male and reddish brown back in the female and juvenile and broad primaries in both the adult and juvenile.

Rock Martin - The Rock Martin is a small passerine bird in the swallow family that is resident in Africa, and in southwestern Asia east to Pakistan. It breeds mainly in the mountains, but also at lower altitudes, especially in rocky areas and around towns, and, unlike most swallows, it is often found far from water. It is 12–15 cm long, with mainly brown plumage, paler-toned on the upper breast and underwing coverts, and with white "windows" on the spread tail in flight. The sexes are similar, but juveniles have pale fringes to the upperparts and flight feathers. The northern subspecies are smaller, paler, and whiter-throated than southern African forms, and are sometimes split as the "Pale Crag Martin". The Rock Martin hunts along cliff faces for flying insects using a slow flight with much gliding. Its call is a soft twitter.

Rock Nuthatch - The Western Rock Nuthatch is a bird associated with habitats with bare rocks, especially in mountainous areas. Those at the highest altitudes may move lower down in winter.

Rock Parrot - The Rock Parrot was described by ornithologist John Gould in 1841, its specific name petrophila derived from the Greek petros/πετρος 'rock' and philos/φιλος 'loving'.

Rock Partridge - Perdix graeca Meisner, 1804

Rock Pigeon - This species builds a large stick nest in a tree and lays two white eggs. Its flight is quick, with the regular beats and an occasional sharp flick of the wings which are characteristic of pigeons in general.

Rock Pipit - The Rock Pipit, Anthus petrosus, is a small passerine bird species which breeds on rocky coasts of western Europe northwards from Brittany. It is mainly resident in Ireland, Great Britain and France, in the west of its range, but the Scandinavian and Russian populations migrate south in winter; individuals sometimes stray into inland Europe. In Saxony it is a rarely-seen visitor for example; the Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden has but a single specimen , a male shot at Dresden as long ago as 8. Oktober 1894.

Rock Ptarmigan - The Rock Ptarmigan is a medium-sized gamebird in the grouse family. It is known simply as Ptarmigan in Europe and colloquially as Snow Chicken or Partridge in North America, where it is the official bird for the territory of Nunavut, Canada,

Rock sandpiper - The Rock Sandpiper is a small shorebird.

Rock Shag - At a distance, the Rock Shag is a black and white bird, with head, neck and upperparts black and chest and underparts white. Closer up, the black areas vary from metallic blue to oily green, and are flecked with white in places. The legs and feet are a pink, fleshy colour, and the bare flesh around the beak and eyes is brick red. In breeding condition, there is a blackish though not very prominent crest on the forehead, and a distinctive white ear patch. There is even less sexual dimorphism than in most cormorant species, but males are 5%-10% larger on most size measurements.

Rock Sparrow - It is a rare vagrant north of its breeding range. There is just a single record from Great Britain, at Cley, Norfolk on 14 June 1981.

Rock wren - The 12 cm long adults have grey-brown upperparts with small black and white spots and pale grey underparts with a light brown rump. They have a light grey line over the eye, a long slightly decurved thin bill, a long barred tail and dark legs.

Rockhopper Penguin - The Western Rockhopper Penguin, Eudyptes chrysocome, is a species of rockhopper penguin. It occurs in subantarctic waters of the western Pacific and Indian Oceans, as well as around the southern coasts of South America.

Rodrigues Fody - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rodrigues Solitaire - It was first recorded by François Leguat, the leader of a group of French Huguenot refugees who colonised the island from 1691 to 1693. He described the bird in some detail, including its solitary nesting behaviour. The Huguenots praised the birds for their flavour, especially the young ones.

Rodriguez Little Owl - The Rodrigues Owl , also known as Leguat's Owl or Rodrigues Little Owl, was a small owl. It lived on the Mascarene island of Rodrigues, but it is nowadays extinct. It is part of the genus of Mascarene owls, Mascarenotus. Like many of the Mascarene land-birds, the genus was a distinct relative to South-East Asian taxa, in this case apparently the Ninox owls of Australasia. However, they evolved to a form more like an Otus little owl, and in accord with a general trend seen in insular owls, their feet were proportionally elongated and they were able to live a more terrestrial lifestyle. It is sometimes assumed that Leguat mentioned this bird in his 1708 description, but this seems to be in error; Julien Tafforet gives a good description in 1726, however. The Rodrigues bird, which Tafforet compared to the petit-duc, the European Scops Owl , was more arboreal than its congeners and fed on small birds and "lizards" . A monotonous call was given in good weather. Considering the bird's likely relationships as eviden

Rodriguez Starling - Species-level: Testudophaga bicolor Hachisuka, 1937

Roller - There are two subspecies: the nominate garrulus, which breeds from in north Africa from Morocco east to Tunisia, southwest and south-central Europe and Asia Minor east through northwest Iran to southwest Siberia; and semenowi, which breeds in Iraq and Iran east to Kashmir and north to Turkmenistan, south Kazakhstan and northwest China . The European Roller is a long-distance migrant, wintering in southern Africa in two distinct regions, from Senegal east to Cameroon and from Ethiopia west to Congo and south to South Africa.

Rook - This species is similar in size to or slightly smaller than the Carrion Crow with black feathers often showing a blue or bluish-purple sheen in bright sunlight. The feathers on the head, neck and shoulders are particularly dense and silky. The legs and feet are generally black and the bill grey-black.

Roraiman Antwren - It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Roraiman Barbtail - It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Roraiman Flycatcher - It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Roraiman Nightjar - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

Rose Robin - It is endemic to Australia east or south of the Great Dividing Range, from Queensland through to southeastern South Australia. Its natural habitats are the gullies and valleys of temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Rose-bellied Bunting - The Rose-bellied Bunting is a species of bird in the Cardinalidae family. It is also known as Rosita's Bunting. It is endemic to a tiny strip of hills along the Pacific slope of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Chiapas, where it occurs in arid to semiarid thornforest and gallery woodlands. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rose-breasted Chat - The Rose-breasted Chat is a species of bird in the Cardinalidae family. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Rose-breasted Grosbeak - The Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus, is a large seed-eating songbird in the cardinal family . It breeds in cool-temperate North America, migrating to tropical America in winter.

Rose-collared Piha - Only the male has the rosy collar for which this species is named. The female resembles the Screaming Piha, but has a cinnamon vent.

Rose-headed Parakeet - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and heavily degraded former forest.

Rose-ringed parakeet - This non-migrating species is one of few parrot species that have successfully adapted to living in 'disturbed habitats', and in that way withstood the onslaught of urbanisation and deforestation. In the wild, this is a noisy species with an unmistakable squawking call.

Rose-throated Tanager - It is found in Belize, Guatemala, and Mexico. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and heavily degraded former forest.

Roseate Spoonbill - The Roseate Spoonbill is a gregarious wading bird of the ibis and spoonbill family, Threskiornithidae. It is a resident breeder in South America mostly east of the Andes, and in coastal regions of the Caribbean, Central America, Mexico, and the Gulf Coast of the United States.

Roseate Tern - S. d. dougallii breeds on the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America, and winters south to the Caribbean and west Africa. Both the European and North American populations have been in long term decline, though active conservation measures have reversed the decline in the last few years at some colonies.

Ross - It is found in woodland, open forest and riparian habitats in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia.

Ross' Goose - The Ross's Goose is a North American species of goose.

Ross' gull - The Ross's Gull, Rhodostethia rosea, is a small gull, the only species in its genus, although it has been suggested it should be moved to the genus Hydrocoloeus, which otherwise only includes the Little Gull.

Rosy Finch - Adults are brown on the head, back, and breast with pink on the belly, rump, and wings. The forehead is black. They have short black legs and a long forked tail.

Rosy Starling - The Rosy Starling, or Rose-coloured Starling, Sturnus roseus is a passerine bird in the starling family Sturnidae. It is sometimes given its own, monotypic genus Pastor; a split supported by recent studies; its closest living relatives are still not certainly known .

Rosy Thrush-Tanager - It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and heavily degraded former forest.

Rosy-billed Pochard - The Rosybill or Rosybill Pochard is a duck with a distinctive red bill on males and a slate-colored bill on females. Though classified as a diving duck, this pochard feeds more like a dabbling duck.

Rota White-eye - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rothschild's Peacock-Pheasant - The Mountain Peacock-pheasant, Polyplectron inopinatum also known as Rothschild's Peacock-pheasant or Mirror Pheasant is a medium-sized, up to 65cm long, blackish brown pheasant with small ocelli and long graduated tail feathers. Both sexes are similar. The male has metallic blue ocelli on upperparts, green ocelli on tail of twenty feathers and two spurs on legs. Female has black ocelli on upperparts, unspurred legs and tail of eighteen feathers. The female is smaller and duller than male.

Rothschild's Swift - The Rothschild's Swift is a species of swift in the Apodidae family. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rouget's Rail - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, rivers, swamps, freshwater marshes, pastureland, rural gardens, and urban areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rough-faced Cormorant - It is a large black and white cormorant with pink feet. White patches on the wings appear as bars when the wings are folded. Yellow-orange swellings are found above the base of the bill. The grey gular pouch is reddish in the breeding season. A blue eye-ring indicates its kinship with the other blue-eyed shags.

Rough-legged Buzzard - It breeds on cliffs, slopes or in trees, laying about four eggs, but more in good lemming years. It hunts over open land, eating small mammals and carrion. This species, along with the Osprey, is one of the few large birds of prey to hover regularly.

Rough-legged Tyrannulet - The Rough-legged Tyrannulet is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family.

Roviana Rail - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, and plantations .

Rowley's Flycatcher - The Caerulean Paradise-flycatcher is endemic to the island of Sangihe, off north Sulawesi in Indonesia. Previously known only from a single specimen collected in 1873, this rare bird was rediscovered in October 1998 around forested valleys of Mount Sahendaruman in southern Sangihe. Its diet consists mainly of insects and other small invertebrates.

Royal Albatross - The Southern Royal Albatross, Diomedea epomophora, is a large seabird from the albatross family. At an average wingspan of almost 3 m , it is the second largest albatross, behind the Wandering Albatross.

Royal Cinclodes - This bird has a population of less than 250, and is classified as Critically Endangered. It is confined to tiny, humid patches of Polylepis woodland and montane scrub, and the major threat to tis survival is the use of fire and heavy grazing which restrict the regeneration of Polylepis.

Royal Flycatcher - The Amazonian Royal Flycatcher is found in forest and woodland throughout most of the Amazon basin in northern Bolivia, eastern Peru, eastern Ecuador, eastern Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern and western Brazil. It is easily overlooked and typically found in low densities, but overall it remains widespread and common. It is therefore considered to be of Least Concern by BirdLife International.

Royal Parrotfinch - The Royal Parrotfinch is approximately 11 cm long. This species is a multicoloured finch. Male Royal Parrotfinches have a bright red head and tail, blue breast and turquoise-green upperparts, while females are greener in colour. Young Royal Parrotfinches are duller with dull blue head. This species has high, thin voice and trilling song.

Royal Penguin - There is some controversy over whether Royal Penguins are a sub-species of Macaroni Penguins. Individuals of the two groups have been known to interbreed, though this is a relatively rare occurrence. Indeed, other penguins have been known to form mixed-species pairs in the wild.

Royal Spoonbill - The Royal Spoonbill is a large white bird with a black, spoon-shaped bill. It is a wading bird and has long legs for walking through water. It eats fish, shellfish, crabs and amphibians, catching its prey by making a side-to-side movement with its bill.

Royal Sunangel - The Royal Sunangel is a species of hummingbird. It is endemic to subtropical elfin forests and shrub in the Andes of northern Peru and adjacent south-eastern Ecuador. It is endangered due to habitat loss. It is strongly sexually dichromatic, and while females resemble other female sunangels, males are unique with their iridescent dark blue plumage.

Royal tern - The Royal Tern is a seabird in the tern family Sternidae. This bird has two distinctive subspecies.

Ruby-crowned Kinglet - The Ruby-crowned Kinglet was described in 1766 by Linnaeus; its generic name is Latin for 'little king'. The Kinglets are a group which appear to be only distantly related to all other passerines. The Ruby-crowned Kinglet differs sufficiently in its voice and plumage from other kinglets that it is occasionally placed in its own genus, Corthylio.

Ruby-crowned Tanager - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and heavily degraded former forest.

Ruby-throated Hummingbird - The Ruby-throated Hummingbird , is a small hummingbird. It is the only species of hummingbird that regularly nests east of the Mississippi River in North America.

Ruby-topaz Hummingbird - This hummingbird inhabits open country, gardens and cultivation. It is 8.1 cm long and weighs 3.5 g. Compared to most other hummingbirds, the almost straight, black bill is relatively short.

Rudd's Lark - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Ruddy Crake - The bird occurs from Mexico south to north-west Costa Rica. It is found in freshwater habitats such as marshes, reedbeds, damp fields and ditches.

Ruddy Duck - The Ruddy Duck is a small stiff-tailed duck.

Ruddy Ground Dove - The Ruddy Ground Dove is very common in scrub and other open country, including cultivated land and urban centers, where it can be seem feeding on grain alongside feral pigeons. It builds a solid but sparsely lined cup-shaped stick nest in a tree and lays two white eggs. Incubation is 12–13 days with another 12–14 days to fledging. There may be a second or third brood. Chick mortality through predation and falls from the nest is high.

Ruddy Kingfisher - Reaching approximately 25cm, the Ruddy Kingfisher has a very large, bright red bill and equally red legs. The body is rust red, generally deepening to purple at the tail. There is little sexual dimorphism though some sources state that male birds are somewhat brighter in plumage.

Ruddy Pigeon - The Ruddy Pigeon, Patagioenas subvinacea, is a largish pigeon which breeds from Costa Rica south to western Ecuador, Bolivia and central Brazil. It belongs to a clade of small and rather plain species of Patagioenas with characteristic calls.

Ruddy Quail-Dove - It breeds throughout the West Indies, Central America, and tropical South America. It has appeared as a vagrant in Florida and southern Texas. It lays two buff colored eggs on a flimsy platform built on a shrub. Some nests are built on the ground.

Ruddy shelduck - The Ruddy Shelduck, Tadorna ferruginea, is a member of the duck, goose and swan family Anatidae. It is in the shelduck subfamily Tadorninae. In India it is known as the Brahminy Duck.

Ruddy Tody-Flycatcher - The Ruddy Tody-Flycatcher is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.

Ruddy Treerunner - This treerunner is found in hills and mountains from 1200 m up to the timberline, in forests and adjacent edges and clearings. It builds a large enclosed oval nest 25 m high in the crown of a tree on the underside of a thick branch. The nest is camouflaged with mosses and epiphytes and has a downward pointing entrance tunnel at its base. The eggs are undescribed, but members of this family typically lay two white eggs.

Ruddy Turnstone - It is a fairly small and stocky bird, 22–24 centimetres long with a wingspan of 50–57 centimetres and a weight of 85-150 grams. The dark, wedge-shaped bill is 2–2.5 centimetres long and slightly upturned. The legs are fairly short at 3.5 centimetres and are bright orange.

Ruddy Woodcreeper - This woodcreeper is typically 20 cm long, and weighs 44 g. It is almost entirely rufous, with a paler throat and grey line from the bill to the eye. The bill is longish and straight.

Ruddy-breasted Crake - Its breeding habitat is swamps and similar wet areas across south Asia from the Indian subcontinent east to south China, Japan and Indonesia. It has been recorded as a vagrant from the Australian territory of Christmas Island. This crake nests in a dry location on the ground in marsh vegetation, laying 6-9 eggs. It is mainly a permanent resident throughout its range, but some northern populations migrate further south in winter.

Ruddy-headed Goose - It breeds on open grassy plains in Tierra del Fuego, Chile and the Falkland Islands. The South American birds are now very rare. They winter on lowlands in southern Argentina, some distance north of the breeding range. The Falklands population is resident.

Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher - This tiny flycatcher breeds from sea level to 1000 m altitude, locally to 1200 m, in wet mountain forests and in adjacent tall second growth. The nest is a pear-shaped pouch of plant fibres and leaves with a visored side entrance, built by the female 2-6 m high in the undergrowth and suspended from a twig or vine. The two chocolate-blotched white eggs are incubated by the female for 15-16 days to hatching, the male playing no part in the care of the eggs or young.

Rueck's Niltava - The Rueck's Blue-flycatcher is endemic to the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. It is known only from four specimens. Two specimens, an immature and adult male were last recorded and collected around 1917-1918 in secondary lowland forests in Medan area of North Sumatra province by the Dutch collector, August van Heijst. The other two skins are of doubtful origin.

Rueppell's Bustard - The Rüppell's Bustard is a species of bird in the family Otididae. It is native to southwestern Africa in Angola and Namibia, occurring in semi-desert habitats.

Rueppell's Chat - The Rueppell's Chat is a species of bird in the Muscicapidae family. It is found in Eritrea and Ethiopia.

Rueppell's Griffon - Adults are close to 1 metre in length, with a wingspan of around 2.6 metres , and a weight that usually ranges from 7 to 9 kg . Both sexes are alike: mottled brown or black overall with a whitish-brown underbelly and thin, dirty-white fluff covering the head and neck. The base of the neck has a white collar, the eye is yellow or amber, the crop patch deep chocolate-brown. Silent as a rule, they become vocal at the nest and when at a carcass, squealing a great deal.

Rueppell's Parrot - Rüppell's Parrot is 22–25 cm long and weighs 121–156 g. It has an overall dark brown colour and its head is dark greyish. Both adult male and female birds have some yellow feathers on the leading edge of the wings, and yellow feathers covering their upper legs; in immatures, the yellow is dull or missing. They are sexually dimorphic; adult female birds have blue feathers on the lower back and the rump, whilst male birds loose this blue feather colouration as they become mature.

Rueppell's Robin-Chat - The Rueppell's Robin-chat is a species of bird in the Muscicapidae family. It is found in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, and Tanzania. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland.

Rufescent Screech-Owl - The Rufescent Screech-owl is a species of owl in the Strigidae family. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

Rufescent Tiger Heron - It is found in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is swamps.

Ruff - The Ruff is a long-necked, pot-bellied bird. This species shows marked sexual dimorphism; the male is much larger than the female , and has a breeding plumage that includes brightly coloured head tufts, bare orange facial skin, extensive black on the breast, and the large collar of ornamental feathers that inspired this bird's English name. The female and the non-breeding male have grey-brown upperparts and mainly white underparts. Three differently plumaged types of male, including a rare form that mimics the female, use a variety of strategies to obtain mating opportunities at a lek, and the colourful head and neck feathers are erected as part of the elaborate main courting display. The female has one brood per year and lays four eggs in a well-hidden ground nest, incubating the eggs and rearing the chicks, which are mobile soon after hatching, on her own. Predators of wader chicks and eggs include mammals such as foxes, feral cats and stoats, and birds such as large gulls, corvids and skuas.

Ruffed grouse - The Ruffed Grouse is frequently referred to as the "partridge". This is technically wrong - partridges are unrelated phasianids, and in hunting may lead to confusion with the Grey Partridge, it is a bird of woodlands, not open areas. The Ruffed Grouse is also sometimes called a "grinch" in parts of rural Kentucky and Ohio, likely due to its spectral quality in the woods.

Rufous & White Wren - The Rufous-and-white Wren, Thryophilus rufalbus, is a small songbird of the wren family. It is a resident breeding species from southwesternmost Mexico to northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela. It was formerly placed in the genus Thryothorus .

Rufous Antpitta - It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

Rufous Bristlebird - Its natural habitat is temperate forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rufous Cacholote - The Grey-crested Cacholote is a species of bird in the Furnariidae family. It is sometimes known as the Rufous Cacholote, but this is potentially confusing, as this name also was used for the "combined" species when P. unirufa was considered a subspecies of P. cristata.

Rufous Coucal - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rufous Crab Hawk - The Rufous Crab-hawk is a species of bird of prey in the Accipitridae family. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.

Rufous Fantail - They are found in rainforests, wet forests, swamp woodlands and mangroves in the northern and eastern coastal Australia. Other countries include New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Guam, Sulawesi and eastern Indonesia. They roam frequently on the ground. During migration, the Fantail is seen in other more open habitats.

Rufous Fieldwren - The Rufous Fieldwren or Calamanthus is a species of bird in the Acanthizidae family, endemic to Australia.

Rufous Fishing Owl - The Rufous Fishing-owl, Chouette D'Ussher, Chouette-pêcheuse Rousse, Búho Pescador Rojizo, or Cárabo Pescador Rojizo is a species of owl in the Strigidae family. It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rufous Flycatcher - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.

Rufous Gnateater - It is a small, rounded bird, 13cm in length with a short tail and fairly long legs. The plumage is mostly reddish-brown. There is a white stripe above the eye which ends in a tuft of feathers which can be hidden. The call is a series of quiet cheeps which become faster and higher-pitched. At dusk and dawn the males make a buzzing sound with their wing feathers as they fly around their territory.

Rufous Hornbill - As with other hornbills, females seal themselves within the nest cavity, where they lay the clutch and remain with the growing young for most or all of the nesting period. In some species the male helps with the sealing process from outside the nest cavity. The nestlings and female are fed by the male through a narrow vertical slit in the sealed nest opening.

Rufous Hornero - The Rufous Hornero is a large ovenbird with a square tail and a straight bill. The plumage is overall reddish brown with a dull brown crown and a whitish throat. Both sexes look alike, and juvenile birds are slightly paler below. There is some clinal size variation from north to south due to Bergmann's Rule. Rufous Horneros feed on insects and other arthropods obtained by foraging on the ground while walking.

Rufous hummingbird - The adult male, shown in the photo, has a white breast, rufous face, upperparts, flanks and tail and an iridescent orange-red throat patch . Some males have some green on back and/or crown. The female has green upperparts, white underparts, some iridescent orange feathers in the center of the throat, and a dark tail with white tips and rufous base. Females and the rare green-backed males are extremely difficult to differentiate from Allen's Hummingbird.

Rufous Motmot - This large motmot is 46cm long and weighs 195 g. it is mainly cinnamion-rufous, with a black face mask and central breast spot, green wings and sides, a greenish-blue lower belly, and dark blue tail and flight feathers. The tail is very long and has a bare-shafted racket tip, except the Amazon. The bill and legs are black. Young birds are paler and duller than adults, and lack the tail rackets and black breast spot. The call of the Rufous Motmot is a low owl-like hoop hoop huhuhuhuhuhu.

Rufous Mourner - The Rufous Mourner is 20 cm. long and weighs 40 g. Its plumage is entirely rufous, brighter on the underparts, and with darker brown wings. The base of the bill is pink or horn-coloured. The call is a drawling way teeer and the song is wee hi hi weeur-weeur-weeur.

Rufous night-heron - The Nankeen Night Heron stands about 60cm tall. It is not strictly nocturnal. It often feeds during the day, especially during wet weather. The bird is dependent on a diet of small fish, reptiles, insects and sometimes eggs. It can be seen around freshwater rivers, lakes, bulrushes, estuaries, harbors and in residential fishponds for goldfish.

Rufous Owl - Legge S., Heinsohn R., Blackman C. and Murphy S. Predation by Rufous owls on Eclectus parrots and other animals at Iron Range National Park, Cape York. Corella 27: 45-46

Rufous Scrub-bird - Its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rufous Songlark - It is a species of Sylviidae, the Old World Warblers, a successful passerine family. It shares the genus Cincloramphus with the Brown Songlark, another species endemic to Australia.

Rufous Treecreeper - Its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Rufous Treepie - The Rufous Treepie is an Asian treepie, a member of the Corvidae family. It is long tailed and has loud musical calls making it very conspicuous. It is found commonly in open scrub, agricultural areas, forests as well as urban gardens. Like other corvids it is very adaptable, omnivorous and opportunistic in feeding.

Rufous Twistwing - It is associated with bamboo growing in humid forested regions in south-eastern Peru, northern Bolivia and far western Brazil . Most of its range is remote. Nevertheless, it has recently been estimated that the total population is below 10,000 individuals, leading to recommendations of treating it as vulnerable, and this was followed by BirdLife International in 2009. As suggested by its common name, its primaries are modified as in the related, but smaller, Brownish Twistwing. Unlike the Brownish Twistwing, the Rufous Twistwing is bright rufous overall.

Rufous Whistler - It was originally described as Sylvia rufiventris by ornithologist John Latham in 1802., and later considered a member of Laniarius before being described in the genus Pachycephala.

Rufous Woodpecker - The Rufous Woodpecker, Micropternus brachyurus is a brown woodpecker found in South Asia. Its genus, Micropternus, is monotypic.

Rufous Wren - It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Rufous- sided towhee - Adults have rufous sides, a white belly and a long dark tail with white edges. The eyes are red, white for birds in the southeast. Males have a dark head, upper body and tail; these parts are brown in the female.

Rufous-backed Antvireo - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Rufous-backed Honeyeater - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Rufous-backed Inca Finch - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

Rufous-backed Shrike - It is a common resident breeder throughout the Indomalayan ecozone from Kazakhstan, through Afghanistan, Pakistan, Indian peninsula except eastern states, to New Guinea, found on bushes in scrubby areas and cultivation. Winter visitor to southern areas such as southeast India and Sri Lanka.

Rufous-backed Sibia - The Rufous-backed Sibia is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Rufous-banded Miner - It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland and subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.

Rufous-bellied Antwren - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Rufous-bellied Eagle - Rufous-bellied Eagles breeds in tropical Asia. They are resident in Sri Lanka, southwest and northern India, and east to southeast Asia and Indonesia.

Rufous-bellied Giant Kingfisher - This kookaburra is unusual in that it occupies dense rainforests and does not live in family groups but in pairs. It is a white-billed bird with a black cap, blue-tinged wings, and a pale rufous belly and tail feathers.

Rufous-bellied Nighthawk - It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Rufous-bellied Niltava - It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe - It is a member of the seedsnipe family, a group of small gregarious waders which have adapted to a vegetarian diet of seeds and other plant material. It is found in the high Andes at up to 4000 m, although it can occur as low as 2000 m in the south of its range. It is very hardy, and does not move downhill even in harsh conditions.

Rufous-bellied Shrike Babbler - It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Rufous-bellied Thrush - It is one of the most common birds across much of southeastern Brazil, and is well-known there under its local name sabiá-laranjeira. The Rufous-bellied Thrush has been the state bird of São Paulo since 1966. It was proposed as the national bird of Brazil, and was officially chosen in 2002.

Rufous-bellied Tit - It is found in Africa from the Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Namibia east to Tanzania and northern Mozambique.

Rufous-bellied Triller - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.

Rufous-bellied Woodpecker - It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, North Korea, South Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Republic of India, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Rufous-breasted Accentor - Its natural habitat is temperate forests.

Rufous-breasted Bush Robin - The Rufous-breasted Bush-robin is a species of bird in the Muscicapidae family. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal. Its natural habitat is temperate forests.

Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and heavily degraded former forest.

Rufous-breasted Hermit - The Rufous-breasted Hermit or Hairy Hermit, Glaucis hirsutus, is a hummingbird that breeds from Panama south to Bolivia, and on Trinidad, Tobago and Grenada. It is a widespread and generally common species, though local populations may change in numbers and disappear altogether in marginal habitat

Rufous-breasted Piculet - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.

Rufous-breasted Warbling Finch - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rufous-breasted Wren - The Rufous-breasted Wren, Pheugopedius rutilus, is a small songbird of the wren family . It was formerly placed in the genus Thryothorus which in the old, broad sense was a motley assemblage of similar-looking wrens.

Rufous-browed Flycatcher - The Rufous-browed Flycatcher is a species of bird in the Muscicapidae family. It is found in Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Rufous-browed Peppershrike - The adult Rufous-browed Peppershrike is approximately 15 cm long and weighs 28 g. It is bull-headed with a thick, somewhat shrike-like bill, which typically is blackish below and pinkish-grey above. The head is grey with a strong rufous eyebrow. The upperparts are green, and the yellow throat and breast shade into a white belly. The subspecies ochrocephala from the south-eastern part of its range has a shorter rufous eye-brow and a brown-tinged crown, while the subspecies virenticeps, contrerasi and saturata from north-western Peru and western Ecuador have greenish-yellow nape, auriculars and cheeks.

Rufous-browed Tyrannulet - It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Rufous-brown Solitaire - The Rufous-brown Solitaire is a species of bird in the Turdidae family. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Rufous-capped Brush Finch - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

Rufous-capped Motmot - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and heavily degraded former forest.

Rufous-capped Warbler - Rufous-capped Warblers generally reach a length of about 12.7 cm in length. They are plain-olive to olive-gray, with white underbellies, bright yellow chests and throats, and a distinctive facial pattern consisting of a rufous cap, a white eyebrow-line , a dark eye-line fading into a rufous cheek, and a white malar marking. The bill is rather stout for a warbler, the wings are round and stubby, and the tail is long, often raised at a high angle and flicked.

Rufous-chested Flycatcher - The Rufous-chested Flycatcher is a species of bird in the Muscicapidae family. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rufous-chested Plover - The Rufous-chested Plover or Rufous-chested Dotterel is a species of bird in the Charadriidae family. It breeds in southern parts of Argentina and Chile and on the Falkland Islands. Some birds migrate north in winter, reaching as far as Uruguay, southern Brazil and occasionally Peru. Its natural habitats are temperate grassland and sandy shores.

Rufous-chested Sparrowhawk - It forms a superspecies with Eurasian Sparrowhawk and possibly Madagascar Sparrowhawk .

Rufous-chinned Laughingthrush - It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Rufous-collared Kingfisher - The Rufous-collared Kingfisher is a species of bird in the Alcedinidae family. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rufous-collared Robin - It is endemic to highlands of Middle America, south of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, occurring in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Chiapas state in Mexico. Its closest relative is the American Robin, and like that species, it is found in varied habitats, from towns to forest. It is, however, restricted to highland areas with at least some trees. It is also known as the Rufous-collared Thrush.

Rufous-collared Sparrow - The Rufous-collared Sparrow is 13.5–15 cm long and weighs 20–25 g. The adult has a stubby grey bill and a grey head with broad black stripes on the crown sides and thinner stripes through the eye and below the cheeks. The nape and breast sides are rufous and the upperpart are black-streaked buff-brown. There are two white wing bars. The throat is white, and the underparts are off-white, becoming brown on the flanks and with a black breast patch.

Rufous-crested Coquette - It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and heavily degraded former forest.

Rufous-crowned Greenlet - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and heavily degraded former forest.

Rufous-crowned sparrow - Ammodramus ruficeps

Rufous-eared Brush Finch - The Rufous-eared Brush-finch is a species of bird in the Emberizidae family. It is endemic to Peru.

Rufous-faced Antpitta - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest.

Rufous-faced Warbler - It is found in Bangladesh, Bermuda, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Rufous-fronted Ant-thrush - The Rufous-fronted Antthrush is a species of bird in the Formicariidae family. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical swamps. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rufous-fronted Parakeet - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and arable land. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rufous-fronted Wood-Quail - It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Rufous-headed Pygmy Tyrant - It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Rufous-headed Robin - The Rufous-headed Robin is a species of bird in the Muscicapidae family. It is found in China and Malaysia. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and temperate shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rufous-headed Tailorbird - The Rufous-Headed Tailorbird is a species of Old World warbler in the Sylviidae family. It is found only in the Philippines. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Rufous-headed Tanager - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and heavily degraded former forest.

Rufous-headed Woodpecker - It is found in the western Amazon in northern Bolivia, far south-western Brazil , eastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru. Its natural habitats are tropical humid forests and woodland. It is often associated with bamboo.

Rufous-legged Owl - http://www.owls.org/Species/strix/rufous_legged_owl.htm

Rufous-naped Brush-Finch - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and heavily degraded former forest.

Rufous-naped Lark - The Rufous-naped lark's range is very large, with an estimated global Extent of Occurrence of 5,600,000 square km. It is found in the following countries:

Rufous-naped Whistler - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Rufous-naped Wren - This large wren breeds in lowlands and foothills from sea level up to 800 m altitude in forest or open woodland, scrub, second growth and savanna. It is found mainly on the Pacific side of the central mountain ranges. Its spherical nest has a side entrance and is lined with seed down. It is constructed 1.5 – 8 m high in thorny trees or shrub, especially bull’s-horn acacia.

Rufous-necked Hornbill - It is currently found in Bhutan, north-east India, Burma, southern Yunnan and south-east Tibet, Nepal, China, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam. Numbers have declined dramatically, and it is estimated that there are now less than 10,000 individuals. It is the longest-bodied species of hornbill at up to more than 120 cm , but often weighs half as much as the Southern Ground-Hornbill.

Rufous-necked Laughingthrush - It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Rufous-necked Stint - The Red-necked Stint is a small migratory wader.

Rufous-necked Wryneck - This species is resident in sub-Saharan Africa, and is the non-migratory counterpart of the Eurasian Eurasian Wryneck. This is a savannah bird, which requires trees with old woodpecker or barbet holes for nesting.

Rufous-rumped Tapaculo - The Matorral Tapaculo is a species of bird in the Rhinocryptidae family. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Rufous-sided Gerygone - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.

Rufous-sided Honeyeater - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Rufous-sided Pygmy Tyrant - The Rufous-sided Pygmy-tyrant is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Suriname. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rufous-streaked Accentor - The Rufous-streaked Accentor or Altai Accentor, is a species of bird in the Prunellidae family. It is found in Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan.

Rufous-tailed Antbird - The Rufous-tailed Antbird is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.

Rufous-tailed Babbler - It is endemic to China.

Rufous-tailed Fantail - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Rufous-tailed Flatbill - BirdLife International 2004. Ramphotrigon ruficauda. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 27 July 2007.

Rufous-tailed Hawk - The Rufous-tailed Hawk is found in southern Argentina and Chile, including the entire region of Tierra del Fuego.

Rufous-tailed Hummingbird - This is a common to abundant bird of open country, river banks, woodland, scrub, forest edge, coffee plantations and gardens up to 1850 m .

Rufous-tailed Jacamar - The jacamars are elegant brightly coloured birds with long bills and tails. The Rufous-tailed Jacamar is typically 25 cm long with a 5 cm long black bill. The subspecies G. r. brevirostris has, as its name implies, a shorter bill. This bird is metallic green above, and the underparts are mainly orange, including the undertail, but there is a green breast band. Sexes differ in that the male has a white throat, and the female a buff throat; she also tends to have paler underparts. The race G. r. pallens has a copper-coloured back in both sexes.

Rufous-tailed Jungle Flycatcher - The Rufous-tailed Jungle-flycatcher is a species of bird in the Muscicapidae family. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Rufous-tailed Palm Thrush - The Rufous-tailed Palm-thrush is a species of bird in the Muscicapidae family. It is found in Angola, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Namibia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland.

Rufous-tailed Plantcutter - It is a stocky bird, 18-20 centimetres in length, with short wings and a red eye. The longish tail is black with a reddish base. The upperparts of the male are grey-brown with dark streaks while the crown and underparts are chestnut-coloured. There is a white bar on the wing and a pattern of dark and pale areas on the face. Females have buff underparts with brown streaks and have buff rather than white in the wings. They do not have the males' chestnut crown but may show a cinnamon wash to the forehead and throat. The song is a series of stuttering notes followed by a rasping trill similar to a fishing reel.

Rufous-tailed Robin - It is a migratory insectivorous species breeding in forests in the taiga of northeastern Asia and south to Mongolia, and wintering in Southeast Asia and southern China. The first record in Europe was on Fair Isle, Scotland in October 2004. Another was in Poland in January 2006.

Rufous-tailed Rock-Thrush - It breeds in southern Europe across central Asia to northern China. This species is strongly migratory, all populations wintering in Africa south of the Sahara. It is an uncommon visitor to northern Europe. Its range has contracted somewhat at the periphery in recent decades due to habitat destruction. For example, in the early 20th century it bred in the Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska where none occur today,

Rufous-tailed Shrike - The Isabelline Shrike breeds in south Siberia and central Asia and China ) and winters in the tropics. These two races are sometimes regarded as separate species. It is a rare vagrant to western Europe, including Great Britain, usually in autumn.

Rufous-tailed Wheatear - Its breeding range covers south-east Turkey, northern Iraq and western Iran. It migrates south in winter to the Arabian Peninsula and north-east Africa.

Rufous-tailed Xenops - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Rufous-throated Antbird - The Rufous-throated Antbird is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Rufous-throated Dipper - It lives along rapid rocky streams in the Andes at 800 metres to 2500 metres in elevation. The bird breeds in the alder zone at 1500 metres to 2500 metres in elevation.

Rufous-throated Flycatcher - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rufous-throated Fulvetta - The Rufous-throated Fulvetta is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Rufous-throated Hill Partridge - It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Rufous-throated Honeyeater - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.

Rufous-throated Sapphire - The Rufous-throated Sapphire is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family. It is found at forest edge, savanna-like habitats and plantations in northern and central South America.

Rufous-throated Solitaire - It is found on Dominica, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Martinique, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent.

Rufous-throated Tanager - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and heavily degraded former forest.

Rufous-throated White-eye - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rufous-throated Wren-Babbler - Its natural habitat is temperate forests. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.

Rufous-vented Chachalaca - Rufous-vented Chachalaca is a largely arboreal species found in forest and woodland, but it is also found in more open dry scrubby areas. This combined with relatively low hunting pressure, make it far less vulnerable than larger members of the family, notably curassows.

Rufous-vented Ground Cuckoo - As other species in the genus Neomorphus, the Rufous-vented Ground-cuckoo is generally highly inconspicious and infrequently seen. While overall unlikely to be threatened due ot its large range, one subspecies, maximiliani , may be extinct, and another, dulcis , is very rare and likely to be threatened. The subspecies vary primarily in the details of the chest- and crown-pattern, and the colour of the tail and wings.

Rufous-vented Laughingthrush - The Rufous-vented Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Rufous-vented Yuhina - It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Rufous-webbed Bush-Tyrant - The Rufous-webbed Bush-tyrant is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family. It is monotypic within the genus Polioxolmis. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

Rufous-winged Bushlark - It is short-tailed and has a strong stout bill. In size it is not as long as the Skylark, measuring about 15 centimeters.

Rufous-winged Buzzard - The adult Rufous-winged Buzzard is 38–43 cm long. It has a grey head and underparts, with some streaking on the crown, neck and breast. The rest of the upperparts are rufous grey, and the uppertail is bright rufous. In flight, from above it shows rufous-chestnut flight feathers and the rufous uppertail, and from below it has a grey body, white underwing coverts, and greyish flight feathers and undertail. The juvenile is duller and browner, with a brown-grey head and white supercilium.

Rufous-winged Fulvetta - The Rufous-winged Fulvetta is a bird species of the Old World babbler family . Its common name is misleading, because it is not a close relative of the "typical" fulvettas, which are now in the genus Fulvetta and are actually Sylviidae.

Rufous-winged Ground Cuckoo - The Rufous-winged Ground-cuckoo is a species of cuckoo in the Cuculidae family. It is found in humid primary forests in northern Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela, and Colombia. At 50 cm , it is the largest South American cuckoo together with the other members of the genus Neomorphus.

Rufous-winged sparrow - The Rufous-winged Sparrow, Aimophila carpalis, is a slender sparrow with a gray face and a brown streak which extends behind the eyes.

Rufous-winged Sunbird - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rufus Nightjar - It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.

Running Coua - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.

Russet Antshrike - It is a resident breeder in the tropical New World from southern Mexico to northern Bolivia.

Russet Hawk-Owl - This species is found in the lowlands and hills of New Britain and New Ireland Endemic Bird Areas at elevations up to 1200 meters above sea level.

Russet Nightingale-Thrush - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Russet Sparrow - The Russet Sparrow , also called the Cinnamon or Cinnamon Tree Sparrow, is a passerine bird of the sparrow family Passeridae. A chunky little seed-eating bird with a thick bill, it has a body length of 14–15 cm . Its plumage is mainly warm rufous above and grey below. It exhibits sexual dimorphism, with both sexes having a pattern similar to that of the corresponding sex of House Sparrow. Its vocalisations are sweet and musical chirps, which when strung together form a song.

Russet-bellied Spinetail - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Russet-crowned Crake - The Russet-crowned Crake is a species of bird in the Rallidae family.

Russet-crowned Motmot - The Russet-crowned Motmot is a species of bird in the Momotidae family. It is found in Guatemala and Mexico. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and heavily degraded former forest.

Russet-crowned Quail Dove - The Russet-crowned Quail-dove is a species of bird in the Columbidae family. It is found in Colombia and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Russet-mantled Softtail - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Russet-tailed Thrush - Its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Russet-throated Puffbird - The puffbirds are an insectivorous bird family related to the jacamars, but lacking the iridescent colours of that group. The Russet-throated Puffbird is fairly common in dry scrub and dry forest. It excavates a burrow in an arboreal termite colony, and lays three white eggs.

Russet-winged Spadebill - The Russet-winged Spadebill is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rustic bunting - It breeds across northern Europe and Asia. It is migratory, wintering in south east Asia, Japan, and eastern China. It is a rare wanderer to western Europe.

Rusty Blackbird - Adults have a pointed bill and a pale yellow eye. They have black plumage; the female is greyer. "Rusty" refers to the brownish winter plumage. They resemble the western member of the same genus, the Brewer's Blackbird; however, this bird has a longer bill and the male's head is iridescent green. The song resembles the grating of a rusty hinge.

Rusty Bush Lark - The range of M. rufa is large, with an estimated global Extent of Occurrence of 470,000 km2. It is typically found inhabiting the dry savanna ecoregions of Chad, Mali, Niger, Sudan, and Togo.

Rusty flowerpiercer - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, and heavily degraded former forest.

Rusty Pitohui - The Rusty Pitohui is distributed and endemic to lowland and hill forests of New Guinea, Aru Island and West Papuan islands. The subspecies P. f. leucorhynchus and P. f. fuscus of Waigeo and Batanta islands off Western New Guinea has whitish bill.

Rusty Sparrow - The Rusty Sparrow is a species of bird in the Emberizidae family. It is found in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist montanes, and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

Rusty Thicketbird - The Rusty Thicketbird is a bird species. Previously placed in the "Old World Warbler" family Sylviidae, it does not seem to be a close relative of the typical warblers; probably it belongs in the newly-recognized grass-warbler family Megaluridae. It is found only in Papua New Guinea.

Rusty Tinamou - All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also Ratites. Unlike other Ratites, Tinamous can fly, although in general, they are not strong fliers. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds, and Tinamous are the closest living relative of these birds.

Rusty-backed Monjita - The Rusty-backed Monjita is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family. It is endemic to Argentina.

Rusty-backed Spinetail - The Rusty-backed Spinetail is a Neotropical species of bird in the Furnariidae family. The taxon from Panama is sometimes considered a separate species, the Coiba Spinetail .

Rusty-barred Owl - They are medium-sized owls, 33 to 38 centimetres long, and weighing 285 to 340 grams . Their body and breast are rust-coloured, and they have a brown barring, hence their common name. They have dark eyes set in a rusty coloured heads. They also have a pale buff barring their upper parts.

Rusty-bellied Brush-Finch - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

Rusty-bellied Shortwing - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland. It is affected by habitat loss. Having turned out to be more common than previously believed, it is downlisted from Vulnerable to Near Threatened in the 2007 IUCN Red List.

Rusty-breasted Antpitta - It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

Rusty-breasted Nunlet - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical swamps.

Rusty-capped Fulvetta - It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Rusty-cheeked Scimitar Babbler - It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Rusty-collared Seedeater - It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, swamps, and heavily degraded former forest.

Rusty-crowned Babbler - Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Rusty-crowned Ground Sparrow - Rusty-crowned Ground-sparrow natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, and heavily degraded former forest.

Rusty-crowned Tit-Spinetail - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

Rusty-faced Parrot - It is found in Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rusty-flanked Crake - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, and water storage areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rusty-flanked Fantail - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

Rusty-fronted Barwing - It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Rusty-fronted Canastero - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher - The Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.

Rusty-headed Spinetail - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and heavily degraded former forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rusty-margined Flycatcher - It is found in northern and central South America in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela; also eastern Panama. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.

Rusty-necked Piculet - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical swamps. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rusty-necklaced Partridge - The Przevalski's Partridge or Rusty-necklaced Partridge is a species of bird in the Phasianidae family. It is found only in China.

Rusty-tailed Flycatcher - The Rusty-tailed Flycatcher is a small passerine bird in the flycatcher family Muscicapidae.

Rusty-tinged Antpitta - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and heavily degraded former forest.

Rusty-winged Starling - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Ruwenzori - The Collared Apalis or Ruwenzori Apalis is a species of bird in the Cisticolidae family. Formerly in genus Apalis, Nguembock et al. moved species to a new genus, Oreolais. It is found in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda.

Ruwenzori Puff-back Flycatcher - The Ruwenzori Batis is a species of bird in the Platysteiridae family. It is found in the Albertine Rift in Burundi, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda. Its natural habitat is montane forests above 1,400 m.

Ryukyu Robin - The specific name komadori is, somewhat confusingly, the common name of its relative Erithacus akahige in Japanese.

Ryukyu Wood Pigeon - The Ryukyu Wood-pigeon , otherwise known as the Silver-banded or Silver-crescented Pigeon is an extinct species of pigeon that was endemic to islands in the Okinawa archipelago south-west of the Japanese mainland. In the Okinawa group, it has been recorded from Iheyajima, Izenajima, Okinawa proper and the nearby islet Yagachijima. In the Kerama Retto to the west of Okinawa, it was found on Zamamijima, whereas in the Daitō group, some 300 km to the SE of Okinawa, it occurred on both major islets, Kita Daitōjima and Minami Daitōjima. In earlier times, it was most likely also found on other islands near Okinawa, such as Iejima. The species' scientific name honors Stejneger's friend, the specimen collector Pierre Louis Jouy.