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The Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis), is aptly named due to its distinctive reddish coloring. and is one of the mammals in which the males and females are differently colored. The male's fur is brighter shades of red to orange-red; while the females are duller red, chestnut, or brick. Both sexes have a frosted appearance from their white tipped hairs; however females are usually more frosted. Medium-sized, the Red Bat averages 4 to 5 centimeters (1.5 - 2 inches), with its total length about 9 to 12 centimeters (3.5 to 4.5 inches), including the tail. It weighs between 7 to 19 grams (1/4 to 5/8 ounces).
The Red Bat is unique in that instead of roosting in caves, mining tunnels, or other interior spaces; it prefers to roost in the open in trees. Their range is from southern Canada, through the United States, and south to Chile and Argentina. They prefer forested areas, forest edges, or hedgerows. Their coloring helps them to blend in with the foliage, and hanging upside down, they look like dead leaves or pine cones. Although some Red Bats in the southern part of its range may stay in the same area year around, the northern ones migrate south in the winter, often in flocks, where they hibernate. A variety of locations are chosen for hibernation, often tree hollows, underneath shaggy bark, or even on the ground beneath fallen leaf litter.
The Red Bats are the first bats one usually sees flying around after sunset. Their favorite foods are moths and beetles, but they will settle for other insects, especially flying ones – the bigger the better. An unusual fact is that they follow the same routes each night for feeding. Predators include birds of prey and owls, snakes, mammals such as raccoons and opossums, and large spiders such as tarantulas. However these prolific bats are not endangered.
The Red Bat usually lives alone, or as a mother with her young; except when migrating in flocks. Mating occurs in the fall, and in the spring the female gives birth, with litters of one to five babies. The pups are born blind, but learn to fly in about a month on average. They are weaned around 38 days old, and become independent. Thus begins the life cycle of the Red Bat.
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Tuesday 26 April 2011
Spotted Seals - forming families on the ice
The spotted seal (Phoca largha) is a small bodied "true seal" with short flippers and a rounded head. As the name suggests, the adult coats, of both males and females, have dark spots on a light gray to silver base, though the seals are pure white as young pups. Both male and female spotted seals grow to roughly the same size as adults and are usually 1.5 meters (5 ft) long and weigh between 65 and 115 kilograms (140-200 lbs). These ice dwellers are known for forming seasonal family groups and for preferring open seas.
During the breeding season, spotted seals form monogamous pairs on the ice floes shortly before the females give birth. These pairings last for the entirety of the season, creating family groups of an adult male, adult female and a pup. Before the pair separates, they mate to conceive the pups which will be born next season. Gestation lasts for ten months, and pups are weaned at 4-6 weeks of age. The females reach maturity at 3-4 years of age, and the males are mature at 4-5 years of age. Spotted seals can live up to 35 years, so they will form many small families throughout their lifetimes.
Before the family groups separate and leave the ice floes, the pups are weaned, and they spend time learning to dive and catch prey. Juvenile Spotted Seals eat mostly krill and crustaceans, while adults feed primarily on larger fish, such as capelin, cod, herring and pollock. They are expert divers, reaching depths of over 300 meters (1500 ft) in pursuit of their prey.
Spotted seals are open water hunters, and even when the family groups are on more solid ice in the spring breeding season, they prefer shifting ice floes, rather than pack ice. In the summer they can be found in the open ocean in the sub-arctic or arctic waters of the North Pacific Ocean and adjacent seas. Spotted seals range from Alaska, through the western Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk, and through the Bering Sea.
The main threat to these family dwelling seals is climate change and diminishing ice floes, and they are classified as Low Risk-least concern on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List. Populations of spotted seals in China and Russia, however, are considered threatened. Spotted seals are still hunted by people in some areas and by larger animals such as killer whales, walruses, sea lions and other predators throughout their range.
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The Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis), is aptly named due to its distinctive reddish coloring. and is one of the mammals in which the males and females are differently colored. The male's fur is brighter shades of red to orange-red; while the females are duller red, chestnut, or brick. Both sexes have a frosted appearance from their white tipped hairs; however females are usually more frosted. Medium-sized, the Red Bat averages 4 to 5 centimeters (1.5 - 2 inches), with its total length about 9 to 12 centimeters (3.5 to 4.5 inches), including the tail. It weighs between 7 to 19 grams (1/4 to 5/8 ounces).
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