Mangrove

Rhizophora apiculata is called ‘bakhaw lalaki,’ in the Philippines, Thakafathi ???????? in the Maldives, as well as other vernacular names.

Mangroves are trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics – mainly between latitudes 25° N and 25° S. The saline conditions tolerated by various species range from brackish water, through pure seawater (30 to 40 ppt), to water of over twice the salinity of ocean seawater, where the salt becomes concentrated by evaporation (up to 90 ppt). There are many species of trees and shrubs adapted to saline conditions. More

Mangrove Afforestation Solution to Poverty and Hunger - Manzanar Mangrove Initiative - Planting Mangroves in Non-Native Environments - Dr. Gordon Hisashi Sato - Dr. Wallace L. More

mangroves is important in coastal food webs. Mangrove plantations in Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines and India host several commercially important species of fish and crustaceans. Despite restoration efforts, developers and others have removed over half of the world's mangroves in recent times. More

7: why mangroves don't grow in freshwater; p. 15-53: adaptations of mangrove trees, photos). More